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Chapter 23
An American Empire
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Declared that Imperialism was "the most powerful factor in the current politics of the western world." | British Economist J.A. Hobson |
| The new phase for global expansion (imperialism) was... | primarily a quest for new markets and sources of raw materials. |
| Each of the imperial nations, including the United States of America sent out what people to perform what goal? | Christian missionaries to convert native peoples as the first step in replacing a cultures indigenous traditions. |
| Industrial manufacturers had matured to a point where they could do what? | Outsell competitors in a world market. |
| Senators: Albert J Beveridge (Indiana), Henry Cabot Lodge (Massachusetts), Theodore Roosevelt, and naval Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan. | Embraced the idea of acquiring overseas possessions, regardless of implications. |
| Leading advocate of sea power and Western Imperialism. Published "The Influence of the Sea Power upon History" in which argued that national greatness and prosperity flowed from maritime power. Championed America's destiny to control the Caribbean | Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan |
| Mahan insisted that modern economic development required what? | A powerful navy, a strong merchant marine, foreign commerce, colonies, and naval bases. |
| Spokesmen in each western country, including the United States , used the arguments of ________ to justify economic exploitation and territorial conquest | social Dawinism |
| Historian and popular lecturer on Darwinism. Developed racial corollaries from Darwin's ideas. | John Fiske |
| According to Fiske the English speaking race would do what? | Dominate the globe and transform the institutions, traditions, language even blood of the world's peoples. |
| In "American Political Ideas Viewed from the Standpoint of Universal History" Fiske stresses the superior character of.... | "Anglo Saxon" institutions and people. |
| President Andrew Johnsons's Secretary of State | William H Seward |
| United States buys Alaska (Russian America) from Russia for $7.2 million. Proved to be the biggest bargain since the Louisiana Purchase | 1867 |
| Samoans sign a treaty with the United States that granted them a naval base at Pago Pago and extraterritoriality for Americans, exchanged trade concessions, and called for the US to extend it's good offices in case of a dispute with another nation. | 1878 |
| IN this year the kingdom of Hawaii signed a reciprocal trade agreement, accordign to which Hawaiian sugar would enter the US duty-free and Hawaii promised that none of it's territory would be leased or granted to a 3rd party. | 1875 |
| By 1890 the native population had been reduced to a minority by _______ | Smallpox and other foreign diseases |
| In 1885 ___________called the Hawaiian Islands "the stepping stone to the growing trade of the Pacific. | President Grover Cleveland |
| What order destroyed the favored position of Hawaii's sugar trade? | The McKinley Tariff |
| White population revolts and seizes power in Hawaii. | 1893 |
| Hawaiian King's sister, attempted to eliminate white control of the government. Acended the throne as Queen of the Hwaiian Islands | Queen Liluokalani |
| Hawaii annexed to the U.S. following Japanese empire expressing interest and visiting the Islands with their flotilla. | Summer of 1898 |
| Cuba was a major export market for what country? | Spain |
| Cubans wage guerrilla warfare against Spanish troops and business interests | 24 February, 1895 |
| Journalism that presents little or no legitimate well-researched news and instead uses eye-catching headlines to sell more newspapers. | Yellow Journalism |
| What two magazines/ newpapers were locked i?n a monumental competition for readers | "The New York Journal" and the "New York World" |
| At the outset of the revolution what was Grover Clevelands point of view regarding American involvement. | AT most mediation for Cuba and Spain, as well as offering to cooperate with Spain in bringing peace by allowing Cubns Self-Governance. |
| What action changed America's posture of neutrality | William McKinley becoming president |
| On 25 January, 1898 ______docks in Havana harbor | U.S.S. Maine |
| U.S.S. Maine explodes and sinks in Havana Harbor with a oss of 260 men | 15 February, 1898 |
| Assistance secretary of the Navy ________ called the sinking of the Maine "an act of dirty treachery on the part of the Spaniards." | Theodore Roosevelt |
| March 9 1898 McKinley asks Congress for what? | A $50 million appropriation for defense |
| Despite a warning to withdraw forces from Cuba from the US minister to Spain... | McKinley asks Congress to utilize military force in Cuba to protect US property and trade. |
| Joint resolution declared independence of Cuba and demanded the withdraw of Spanish troops | April 20, 1898 |
| McKinley signs war resolution with a cpy sent off to the Spanish government. War is declared by Spain and the United States on what dates following the positioning of an American blockade of the Northern Cuban coast and the Port of Santiago | Spain- 24 April, 1898 United States- 25 April, 1898 (Retroactive to 21 April, 1898) |
| John Hay, soon to be secretary of state proclaimed the war in Cuba ______. | "a splendid little war" |
| How long did the Cuban/ US war last? | 114 days |
| Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt, ordered commodore George Dewey to engage Spain _______. McKinley approves the orders. | in the Philippines in the case of war in Cuba. |
| Spanish/ Philippine exile brought back by the United States to lead the grassroots movement and to cause trouble for the Spanish in Luzon. Declared the Philippines independent June 12, 1898 | Emilio Aguinaldo |
| Who were the First Volunteer Cavalry? | The Rough Riders. Volunteer regiment of Ivy league athletes, leathery ex-convicts, Indians, and southwestern sharpshooters. Led by Lt. Col. Theodore Roosevelt |
| Spanish officials in Santiago surrender. | July 17th, 1898 |
| American Forces move into Puerto-Rico meeting little Spanish resistance | July 25th, 1898 |
| Commodore Dewey's Forces alongside Emilio Aguinaldo's insurrectionists move into Manila | August 13th, 1898 |
| Armistice signed between the United States and Spain | August 12, 1898 |
| What did the Spanish and American peace protocol state? | Spain should give up Cuba, and that the US should annex Puerto Rico and occupy Manila pending the transfer of power in the Philippines. |
| Treaty of Paris signed between Spain and the United States | December 10, 1898 |
| Treaty of Paris added to U.S. territory what? | Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. |
| Congress did what during the U.S. Spanish war in Cuba and Manila? | Annexed Hawaii |
| ratification of the Treaty of Paris | February 6th, 1899 |
| Summarize the Philippine-American War | The American effort to suppress Filipino nationalism. Lasted 3 years. America versus the former U.S. supported Emilio Aguinaldo's Nationalists. |
| Organized Filipino resistance fails | End of 1899 |
| Protestant ministers in the U.S. believed the war in Cuba and the Philipines was what? | A Christian mission to create the Kingdom of God. |
| Prominent Protestant Clergyman and editor, said that America was a devine instrument of Christian imperialism. Insisted that the US could not shirk its providential duty to "save" the former Spanish Colonies from Barbarism | Lyman Abbott |
| U.S. military government in the Philippines comes to an end. | July 4, 1901 |
| Affirmed America's intention to grant the Philippines independence on an unspecified date. | Jones Act of 1917 |
| Offered independence to the Philippines after 10 more years | Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934 |
| Philippine Independence | 4 July, 1946 |
| Established a government on Puerto Rico | Foraker Act of 1900 |
| Granted Puerto Rico natives U.S. citizenship and made both house of the Puerto Rico legislature, elective. | Jones Act of 1917 |
| Required that Cuba never impair it's independence by signing a treaty with a third power, that it keep it's debt within the government's power to repay it out of ordinary revenues. That it acknowldge the right of the US to intervene in Cuba | The Platt Amendment |
| Forced Cuba to sell or lease to the US lands to be used for coaling or naval stations (Guantanamo Bay) | The Platt Amendment |
| Commodore Matthew Perry's voyage across the Pacific | 1853-1854 |
| Name three other imperial powers that sought control and/ or market access of Chinese territories | Britain, France, Russia, Germany |
| Proposed to keep China open to trade with all countries on an equal base (refraining from interfering with any other nations treaty port of economic influence | Secretary of State John Hay's "Open Door Policy" |
| Asian crisis in 1900 when a group of Chinese Nationalists known as ______ rebelled against foreign encroachments on China, especially Christian missionary efforts and laid siege to foreign embassies in Peking. | Boxers (Fists of Righteous Harmony) |
| Born 1858. A sickly and scrawny boy with poor eyesight and chronic asthma. Built himself up to be a physical and intellectual athlete. Boxer, wrestler, climber, hunter, and outdoorsman | Theodore Roosevelt |
| Name the positions Theodore Roosevelt Held throughout his political career. | New York City Police commissioner (two years),Civil Service Commissioner (six years), Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Vice President for McKinley, President. |
| McKinley assassinated in Buffalo, NY | September 6th, 1901 |
| What two orders proved to be obstacles in building an canal in Panama? | The Bidlack Treaty of 1846 and The Clayton-Bulwer Treaty. |
| Treaty with Columbia, then guaranteeing Columbia's sovereignty over Panama and the neutrality of the isthmus. | The Bidlack Treaty |
| Treaty where the British agreed to acquire no more Central American territory, and the US joined them in agreeing to build or fortify a canal only by mutual consent. | The Clayton-Bulwer Treaty |
| Established consent from the British Government to build a canal for mutual/ international purposes. | The Pauncefote Treaty of 1900. |
| For the use of the 6 mile wide canal zone the US agreed to pay $10 million in cash and $250000 in rental fees each year. Columbians held out for $25 million cash. | Hay-Herran Treaty of 1903 |
| Isthmian Canal Commission created (Appointed by McKinley,directed the construction of the canal) | 1904 |
| Panama Canal Opens | August 15th, 1914 |
| Priciple that since the Monroe Doctrine prohibited intervention in the region by Europeans, the United States was justified in intervening first to forestall involvement by outsiders. | Roosevelt Corollary |
| Japanese warships destroy the Russian fleet as a major engagement within the Russo-Japanese War | February 8th, 1904 |
| What initiated conflict for the Russo-Japanese War? | Japan decided that Russia had threatened their ambitions in China and Korea, neglecting the Open Door policy. |
| What ended the Russo-Japanese War? | Treaty of Portsmouth signed September 5, 1905. |
| Affirmed the independence of Morocco and guaranteed an open door for trade there but provided for the training and control of Moroccan police by France and Spain. | Act of Algeciras signed in 1906. |
| Celebration of America's rise to the status of a world power. | The Great White Fleet |
| Republic of Hawaii is proclaimed | 1894 |
| Cuban insurrection breaks out against Spanish rule | 1895 |
| US. Battleship Maine explodes in Havana Harbor War of 1898 United States Annexes Hawaii | 1898 |
| united States ratifies the Treaty of Paris Ending the war of 1898 | 1899 |
| Filipino insurgents resist US domination | 1899-1902 |
| Army Yellow Fever Commission confirms the cause of yellow fever International Alliance quells Boxer rebellion | 1900 |
| Panamanians revolt against Columbia | 1903 |
| Russo-Japanese War | 1905 |
| Great White Fleet circumnavigates the globe | 1907 |
| Panama Canal Opens | 1914 |
Created by:
casey.belden