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Chapter 1
Matter: Solids, Liquids, and Gases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of matter. | Chemistry |
| Made up of extremely tiny particles called atoms and molecules. | Matter |
| Atoms and molecules make up the three common states of matter on Earth, they are | Solids, Liquids, and Gases |
| Being a solid, liquid, or gas is a property of a | Substance |
| In this state, the attractions between particles are strong enough to keep them close to each other, but not in fixed positions. | Liquid |
| In this state, atoms are very attracted to each other and are held so tightly together that they can only vibrate in place. | Solid |
| In this state, the molecules are moving, but the attractions are too weak to bring them together. | Gas |
| Has a definite shape and volume. | Solid |
| Takes the shape of its container, but has a definite volume. | Liquid |
| Has no definite shape or volume. This will spread out to fill the container that holds it. | Gas |
| Heating a liquid increases the ______ of the molecules. | speed |
| An increase in the speed of the molecules competes with the attraction between molecules and causes molecules to move a little __________ __________. | further apart |
| Cooling a liquid _______ the speed of the molecules. | decreases |
| A decrease in the speed of the molecules allows the attractions between molecules to bring them a little ________ __________. | closer together |
| The way a ____________ works is an example of heating and cooling a liquid. | thermometer |
| When ____________, the molecules of the liquid in the thermometer move faster, causing them to get a little farther apart. This results in movement up the thermometer. | heated |
| When ____________, the molecules of the liquid in the thermometer move slower, causing them to get a little closer together. This results in movement down the thermometer. | cooled |
| A decrease in the motion of the atoms allows the attractions between atoms to bring them a little ________ __________. | closer together |
| Whether a substance is a solid, liquid, or gas at a certain temperature depends on the balance between the motion of the particles at that temperature and how strong their ____________are for one another. | attractions |
| Heating a substance ___________ the motion of its molecules. | increases |
| Cooling a substance ______________ the motion of its molecules. | decreases |
| The __________________ _________ of matter states that matter (solid, liquid, and gas) is made up of tiny particles called atoms and molecules; and the atoms or molecules that make up matter are always in motion. | kinetic-molecular theory |
| ____________ and ___________ happens differently for a gas than it does for liquids and solids. | Expanding and contracting |
| When we saw the video of the water balloon popping in slow motion, we saw that the water held the shape of the balloon briefly before gravity could act to pull it to the ground. What does this show about the particles that make up a liquid? | This shows that the particles of a liquid are attracted to one another. |
| When food coloring is added to warm water and left alone, we saw that the color mixed without stirring. What does this show about the particles? | This shows that the particles are moving. |
| Give and explain one example that proves gases are matter. | An inflated ball has more mass than the same ball with no air in it. It is also very easy to see that air takes up space when the ball is inflated. Since matter is anything that has mass and takes up space gases must be matter. |
| Explain how a thermometer works in terms of molecular motion. | With a temperature decrease, the molecules slow down and move closer together, causing the liquid to move down the thermometer. With a temperature increase the molecules speed up and move apart causing the liquid in the thermometer to rise up the tube. |
| Explain how contracting happens differently for a gas (in a flexible container like a balloon or a bubble) than it does for solids and liquids. | |
| The attraction of water molecules to other water molecules. | cohesion |
| The attraction of molecules in a liquid to the molecules of another substance such as a container. | adhesion |
| Substances that tend to avoid water and will not dissolve in water are called __________ substances. | insoluble |
| The skin-like layer that forms at the surface of water as a result of the cohesion to the water molecules. | surface tension |
| Explain why water striders can stay on top of the water. | |
| Name two factors that can affect the surface tension of water. | temperature and surfactants such as soap |
| Solids that are made up of crystals. | Crystalline solid |
| Solids whose particles are not arranged in regular patterns. | Amorphous solid |
| The result of an inward pull among water molecules of a liquid that brings the molecules on the surface closer together. | surface tension |
| A liquid's resistance to flowing. | viscocity |
Created by:
rgreen8154