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Roots and Lit Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| carcin (carcinoma; carcinogens) | cancer |
| card, cardi, cardio (cardiac arrest) | heart |
| carn, carno (carnivore) | flesh |
| caus, caut (caustic) | burn |
| centric, centro (concentric) | center |
| chemo (chemosynthesis) | chemistry |
| cosm (cosmic) | universe |
| e (emit) | out; without |
| echin (echinoderms) | spiny |
| eco (ecosystem) | house; dwelling |
| ect, ecto (ectoplasm) | outer |
| ectomy (vasectomy) | cut out |
| ego (egotistical) | self |
| elect (election) | choose |
| emia (sickle cell anemia) | blood |
| en (enter) | into |
| encephala (encephalitis) | brain |
| entero (enterology) | intestine |
| entom (entomology) | insect |
| endo ( endodermis) | within; inner |
| ept; hept (heptagon) | seven |
| epi (epicenter) | upon |
| equ (equilateral) | equal |
| equin (equine) | horse |
| estaur (estuary) | the sea |
| ethn (ethnicity) | nation |
| eu (eukaryote) | true; good |
| evacu (evacuate) | empty |
| ex (explore) | beyond |
| excret (excretory) | throw out |
| exhib (exhibit) | present |
| exhil (exhilaration) | cheer up |
| exo (exoskeleton) | outside; out |
| expir (expire) | breathe out |
| explus (explusion) | driven out |
| extra (extraterrestrial) | outside;beyond |
| extrins (extrinsic motivation) | outside |
| fam (famished) | hungry |
| femin (feminine) | female |
| fer, ferrous (coniferous forest) | carrying |
| ferment (fermentation) | leavening |
| fero (ferocious) | wild |
| fertile (fertility) | fruitful |
| fidel (fidelity) | faithful |
| fili (filial generation) | son or daughter |
| fin (finale) | end |
| flagell (dinoflagellates) | whip |
| flagr (conflagration) | burn |
| flamm (flammable) | burn |
| flex (flexible) | bend |
| flor (floral) | flower |
| flu, fluen (fluent) | flow |
| form (transform) | shape |
| fract (fracture) | break |
| frict (friction) | rub |
| frig (refrigerator) | cold |
| ful (beautiful) | full of |
| fum (fumigate) | smoke |
| fung (fungus) | fungus |
| fur (furious) | rage |
| satire | often an attack on a person to point out flaws in human behavior in order to change them hurtfully. Ex. Ben Franklin's cartoon of the cut up snake |
| sarcasm | bitter language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something. Ex. Did you dye your hair? Me: no I just woke u and my hair was purple. |
| coherence | something logical or consistent and something that makes sense as a whole. |
| exposition | Writing whose chief aim is to explain. Ex. The U.S. flag consists of thirteen alternating stripes of red and blue, representing the 13 original states. In the top left of the flag there is a field of blue with fifty stars, one for each state. |
| irony | The use of language in such a way that apparent meaning contrasts sharply with the real meaning. Ex.The Titanic was promoted as being 100% unsinkable; but, in 1912 the ship sank on its maiden voyage. |
| mood | The impression made on the feelings of the reader. Ex. Edgar Allan Poe sets a dark and mysterious mood for the readers. |
| oxymoron | a phrase or sentence that contradicts itself. Ex. jumbo shrimp |
| pacing | The speed at which a piece of writing moves along. Ex. the scarlet letter is a very slow paced book, you have to read it slow in order to comprehend the material. |
| paradox | a statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity. |
| cliché | an overused statement. Ex. •“All for one, and one for all” |
| point of view | The perspective from which a piece of writing is developed. Ex. Dana has purple flowers on her shirt - third person |
| analogy | A comparison that attempts to explain one idea or thing by likening it to another. Ex. I am going to be toast when I get home |
| anecdote | a brief narrative offered in a text to capture the audience’s attention or to support a generalization or claim. Ex. to get the people interesting in cooking something the culinary teachers tells how they made it and how good it was |
| begging the question | the situation that results when a writer or speaker constructs an argument on an assumption that the audience does not accept |
| colloquialism | a word or expression acceptable in informal usage but inappropriate in formal discourse. ex. bug could be used to describe an insect or virus, she's at home recovering from a virus. |
| essay | is a short prose discussion of a single topic. |
| generalization | a statement that asserts some broad truth based upon a knowledge of specific cases. Ex. "Big cars are gas guzzlers" |
| logical fallacy | irrelevant information. |
| red herring | A side issue introduced into an argument in order to distract from the main argument. Ex. “Abortion may be a woman’s individual right, but have you considered the danger of the many germ-infested abortion clinics?” |
| subordination | Expressing in a dependent clause, phrase, enough to be expressed in a main clause or an independent sentence. Ex. John wrote his research paper on Thomas Jefferson; he was interested in this great statesman. |
| ad populem argument | A fallacious argument that appeals to the passions and prejudices of a group rather than its reason. Ex. its the "American Way" |
| allegory | the device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. Ex. me and my cousins are like the three musketeers |
| process analysis | A type of development in writing that stresses how a sequence of steps produces a certain effect. Ex. explaining to the reader all of the steps involved in balancing a checkbook would be a process essay. |
| synecdoche | a part of something used to refer to the whole. Ex. “50 head of cattle” referring to 50 complete animals |
| loose sentence | a type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses. Ex. •Florida is a great vacation spot for families, with Disney World, Universal Studios, and Sea World |
| unity | The characteristic of having all parts contribute to the overall effect. In writing, an essay or paragraph is described as having unity when all sentences develop one idea. |
| periodic sentence | a sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. Ex. •In spite of heavy snow and cold temperatures, the game continued |
| -gaea (Pangaea) | the earth |
| gangli- (ganglia) | a knot on a string; swelling |
| gastr- (gastric) | stomach; belly |
| gelat- (gelatin) | jelly-like; frozen |
| gene-, genet- (genetics) | birth |
| geo- (geography) | the earth |
| genic, -genous (carcinogenic) | producing |
| glaci- (glacier) | ice |
| -glob- (hemoglobin) | sphere |
| -glott- (epiglottis) | tongue |
| gluc-, glyc- (glucose) | sweet |
| -gram- ; -graph- (calligraphy) | writing |
| grand- (grand piano) | large |
| grav- (gravity) | heavy |
| -greg- (gregarious) | flock |
| gyn- (misogyny) | female |
| hal-, halo- (halite) | salt |
| haplo- (haploid) | single |
| hecto- (hectogram) | 100 |
| heli- (heliocentric) | the sun |
| helix (DNA’s double helix) | spiral |
| herb-, herbi- (herbivore) | grass |
| hem- (hemoglobin) | blood |
| hemi- (hemisphere) | half |
| hepa- (hepatitis) | the liver |
| hetero- (heterogeneous) | different |
| hilar- (hilarious) | cheerful |
| histo- (histology) | web; tissue |
| hom-, homo- (homogenous) | same |
| -hort (horticulture) | garden |
| horri-, horrib- (horrible) | bad |
| hosp- (hospitality) | guest |
| hosti- (hostility) | enemy |
| humid- (humidity) | moisture |
| hydr- (hydrosphere) | water |
| hyper- (hyperventilating) | over |
| hypo- (hypodermic) | under |
| -ichthy- (ichthyosaur) | fish |
| -icul-, -idi-, -ill, -illum, -ium (miniscule) | small |
| ign- (ignite) | fire |
| plot | The sequence of incidents or events in a narrative. |
| causality | the relation between an event (the cause) and a second event (the effect), where the second event is understood as a consequence of the first. |
| botan- (botany) | grass; pasture |
| bov- (bovine) | cow |
| calamit- (calamity) | misfortune |
| cephal-, cephalo- (cephalothorax) | head |
| cereb-, cerebro- (cerebral hemorrhage) | brain |
| corpusc- (corpuscle) | little body |
| corp-, corpor-, corpu- (corpse) | body |
| cyan- (cyanobacteria) | dark blue |
| cyto- (cytoplasm) | hollow vessel |
| dactyl- (polydactyly) | finger or toe |
| deca-, deka- (dekameter) | ten |
| decid- (deciduous forest) | falling off |
| deci- (decimeter) | one tenth (1/10) |
| -ichthy- (ichthyosaur) | fish |
| -icul-, -idi-, -ill, -illum, -ium (miniscule) | small |
| ign- (ignite) | fire |
| il- (illiterate) | not; without |
| incis- (incision) | cut; cut into |
| industri- (industrious) | diligent |
| infra- (infrastructure) | below; beneath |
| infract- (infraction) | broken |
| infuse- (infusion) | pour in |
| inter- (interoffice) | between; among |
| intro-, intrins-, intra- (introspection) | within; inside |
| iso- (isotonic) | equal |
| -ite (stalagmites) | stone; fossil |
| -itis (dermatitis) | disease |
| -ject- (projectile) | throw |
| -jug- (conjugate) | join together |
| juxta- (juxtaposition) | near to |
| -karyo- (eukaryotic cell) | nucleus |
| kine- (kinetic) | movement |
| a, an (abiotic) | not; without |
| ab (abductor) | away |
| abyss | deep; bottomless |
| ach (ache) | pain |
| ad (advance) | to; toward |
| aden (adenoids | gland |
| aer, aero (aeroplane) | air; atmosphere |
| amic (amicable) | friendly; kind |
| amphi (amphibian) | both; about; around |
| ana (anaphase) | away; onward |
| anomal (anomaly) | irregular |
| ante (antebellum) | before |
| anti (antibiotic) | against |
| aort (aortic arch) | blood vessel |
| aqua (aquatic) | water |
| arach (arachnophobia) | spider |
| arbor (Arbor Day) | tree |
| archaeo, archeo (archeology) | ancient |
| archy (oligarchy) | rule |
| artic (artic wind) | northern |
| arithm (arithmetic) | number |
| ariium. ary (aquarium) | place where something is kept |
| ascend (ascending) | climb |
| ase (ligase) | enzyme |
| astr (astronomy) | star |
| atm (atmosphere) | smoke; vapor |
| anti (antibody) | against; away; opposite |
| aqua (water) | aquatic |
| archae (archaebacteria) | ancient; primitive |
| arthro (arthropoda) | jointed |
| aster, astr (asteroid) | star |
| auto (autopilot) | self |
| avi (aviation) | bird; fly |
| avid (an avid football fan) | eager |
| bacteri (bacteria) | small rod |
| basi (basic) | foundation |
| bene (beneficial) | good; well |
| benign | good; kind; not cancerous |
| benth (benthic zone) | depth of the sea |
| biblio (bibliography) | book; paper |
| bi (binocular) | two |
| bio (biology) | life |
| botan (botany) | grass; pasture |
| bov (bovine) | cow |
| brev (abbreviate) | short |
| bronch (bronchial asthma) | windpipe |
| centi (centimeter) | one-hundredth (1/100) |
| cald (caldera) | hot |
| calor (calorie) | heat |
| cani (canine) | dog |
| (chloro (chlorophyll) | pale green |
| chrom chromatophore | color |
| circum (circumference) | around |
| cide (genocide) | kill |
| circa (circadian rythms) | about |
| cili (cilia) | small hair |
| clar (clarity) | clear |
| claus (claustrophobia) | enclosed place |
| clin (inclination) | bend; slope |
| cocc, cocci, cocco (strptoccocus bacteria) | berry; round shape |
| coel (acoelomate) | hollow |
| coma (comatose) | deep sleep |
| con (continuity) | with; together |
| coni (coniferous) | cone; evergreen |
| contig (contiguous) | adjoining |
| contr (contradict) | against; opposite |
| counter (counterattack) | opposite; against |
| cracy (democracy) | rule; strength |
| crani (cranium) | skull |
| crypt (encryption) | hidden |
| de (decomposition) | from; away |
| demi (demigod) | half |
| demo (demographics) | people |
| dent (dentures) | tooth |
| derm (epidermis) | skin |
| di (dichotomy) | double; two |
| dia (diameter) | across; through |
| dict (diction) | say; pronounce; tell |
| digit | finger or toe |
| dilpo (dilpoblastic) | double |
| dis (disengage) | seperate; apart |
| diurn (diurnal) | daily; in the daytime |
| divert | turn aside |
| dorm (dormant) | sleep |
| dupl (duplex) | double |
| dyn (dynamic) | be able; power; energy |
| funct (function) | perform |
Created by:
danat214
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