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Chem Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Alkaline Earth Metal | one of the elements of Group 2 of the periodic table |
| Period | a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table |
| Subatomic Particles | matter smaller than an atom |
| Compound | a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds |
| Neutron | a subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom |
| Reactivity | a measure of how readily an element will combine with another element to form a compound |
| Dalton | the scientist who developed the first scientifically based theory of the atom; his theory had five postulates |
| Nucleus | an atom's central region |
| Diatomic Elements | 7 elements that always occur in pairs in nature; HONClBrIF |
| Bohr | the scientist responsible for the Solar System model of the atom: the first person to place electrons into energy levels |
| Noble Gases | unreactive elements of Group 8A of the periodic table |
| Groups | a vertical column of elements in the periodic table that share chemical properties |
| Rutherford | scientist who discovered that the atom is mostly empty space and has a small, dense nucleus |
| Element | a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. |
| Inner Core Electrons | electrons that do not participate in chemical reactions |
| Mass Number | the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Halogens | one of the elements of Group 7A of the periodic table |
| Alkali Metals | one of the elements of Group 1 of the periodic table |
| Isotope | an atom that has the same number of protons as other atoms of the same element do but that has a different number of neutrons |
| Oxidation Number | equivalent to the charge on an atom or ion |
| Ion | an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons and has a negative or positive charge |
| Electron | a subatomic particle that has a negative charge |
| Thomson | scientist who discovered the electron and developed the 'Plumb Pudding Model" of the atom |
| Molar Mass | the sum of the atomic masses of all of the elements in a compound |
| Democritus | ancient philosopher who coined the term "atomos" |
| Polyatomic Ions | an ion made of two or more atoms |
| Atomic Number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Energy Levels | where electrons were placed in the solar system model |
| Atomic Mass | the mass of an atom expressed in atomic mass units |
| Valence | outer level of electrons that participate in reactions |
| Orbitals | according to the modern theory, a region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons. |
| Proton | a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and is found in the nucleus of an atom |
| Atom | the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element |
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