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Sociology Exam 1
Soc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| C. Wright Mills most attributed to being one that Sociologists would use to explain individual behavior | External Influences |
| Variables that Sociologists emphasize the most as being the determining motivation for our thinking and behavior | One's society and social locations |
| First person to propose that the scientific method could be applied to the study of social life | Auguste Comte |
| Use of objective, systematic observation to test theories often employed by Sociologists | Scientific Method |
| Coined the phrase "Survival of the Fittest" which is a principle part of the concept of social Darwinism | Herbert Spencer |
| Social thinker of 19th century who predicted that there would be a classless society once the working class united and began a revolution | Karl Marx |
| Early European Sociologist Emile Durkheim is most identified with the _______ area of study | Social Integration |
| Karl Marx believed that _____ was the central force of social change while Max Weber believed that _____ was the force most responsible for social change | Economics, Religion |
| Where sociology was first established as an academic discipline at _____ in 1890 | University of Kansas |
| Took sociology as an academic discipline when Albion Smalls headed the department | University of Chicago |
| First African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard University, spent his lifetime studying race relations in America, and was one of the founding fathers of the NAACP | W.E.B. DuBois |
| Language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, material objects and technology passed from one generation to the next by members and society | Culture |
| Jewelry, art, hairstyles, and clothing | Material Culture |
| Feeling of disorientation experienced by someone who is suddenly subjected to an unfamiliar culture, way of life, or set of attitudes | Culture Shock |
| When a group has a distinctive way of looking at life, but at the same time their values and norms reflect the dominant culture of their society | Subculture |
| Concept that sociologists use to describe the expectations, or rules of behavior, that develop out of values | "Norms" |
| Receiving the Medal of Honor and making the Dean's List are both examples of ________ | Positive Sanctions |
| Concept of natural selection that proposed genes of a species are not disturbed evenly among the offspring, enabling certain members of the species to survive while others die out was developed by _________ | Charles Darwin |
| In the "Nature vs. Nurture" argument regarding socialization, the "nurture" component refers to the ______ | Social Environment |
| Term used to describe children who are assumed to have been raised by animals in the wilderness and isolated from other children | Feral |
| Process by which we develop a sense of self referred to as the "looking glass self" was developed by _______ | Charles Horton Cooley |
| Concept that sociologists have in mind when they say "society makes us human" | Socialization |
| Our image of who we are called | Self |
| Self concept begins in ______ and is a life long process until ______ | Childhood, Death |
| Mead describes the active, creative and spontaneous part of the self as the ____ | I |
| Piaget's use of the term "operational" is most aligned with the concept of _________ | Reasoning Skills |
| The stage when children are capable of abstract thinking(Piaget) | Formal Operational Stage |
| Technique founded by Sigmund Freud for the treatment of emotional problems through long term, intensive exploration of the subconscious mind | Psychoanalysis |
| Part of the personality that represents the pleasure seeking aspect which demands fulfillment of basic needs such as attention, food, safety, and sex | Id |
| Two sociological perspectives that are most linked to marco sociology | Functionalism and the Conflict Perspective |
| The focus on the broad features of society to analyze such things as social class and how groups relate to one another | Macro analysis |
| Sociological perspective that is most linked to micro sociology | Symbolic Interactionism |
| The typical patterns of a group, such as its usual relationships between men and women or students and teachers | Social Structure |
| Three primary variables in determining one's social class | Income, education, and occupational prestige |
| Signs that identify a position in society that someone occupies | Status Symbols |
| Position in society that someone holds that cuts across other statuses they hold | Master Status |
| Expectations that guide our behavior | Norms |
| To assume that all football players are academically challenged, that all African Americans are great athletes, that all women can cook well, etc. | Stereotyping |
| The step in which the author of the research specifies what he or she wants to learn about the topic of study is called _______ | Defining the problem |
| Precise ways to measure variables in research so that comparisons can be made and replication can later be done | Operational Definitions |
| Example of ______ would be that unemployed men are more likely to commit spousal abuse than employed men | Hypothesis |
| Refers to the extent to which different studies come up with similar results | Reliability |
| One of the greatest flaws in using self-administered questionnaires for a research study is that ________________________________________ | the researcher loses control over the conditions in which they are administered |
| Term that best applies to people who share a culture ad territory | society |
| Known best for being the most egalitarian, nomadic, and consists of 25-40 members | Hunting and Gathering Society |
| Two characteristics that people must share to qualify as a society | Same culture and same territory |
| Known as the first to develop permanent settlements | Horticultural Society |
| Based on the harnessing of machines powered by fuels | Industrial Society |
| The first nation to have an excess of fifty percent of its work force in service industries | United States |
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