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Psychology chapter 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| waking consciousness | you are awake and aware of your thoughts, emotions, and perceptinons |
| examples of waking consciousness | sleeping, hypnotic, or drug-induced |
| stage one of sleep | state of transition between wakefulness and sleep;relatively rapid, low amplitude brain waves;only a few minutes long |
| stage two of sleep | a sleep deeper than stage one;slower more regular wave pattern with momentary interruptions of "sleep spindles";harder to wake someone up |
| stage three of sleep | brain waves become slower with higher peaks and lower valleys; dominates first half of sleep |
| stage four of sleep | pattern is slower;person is least responsive to outside stimulation |
| REM sleep | increased heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing;eye movements and the experience of dreaming |
| amount of time spent in REM sleep? | 20% of adult's sleeping time |
| purpose of sleep | sleep is required for human functioning |
| impact of sleep deprivation? | feel edgy, slow our reaction time, lower performance on academic and physical tasks, and put ourselves and others at risk when carrying out routine activities like driving |
| unconscious wish fulfillment theory | dreams that represent unconscious wishes that dreamers desire to see fulfilled(sigmund freud) |
| latent dream theory | the "disguised" meanings of dreams, hidden by more obvious subjects |
| manifest dream theory | the apparent story line of dreams |
| dreams-for-survival theory | suggests that dreams permit info that's critical for our daily survival to be reconsidered and reprocessed during sleep |
| activation-synthesis theory | dreams are the result of random activation of various memories, which are tied together in a logical story line |
| narcolepsy | uncontrollable sleeping that occurs for short periods while a person is awake |
| sleep apnea | a serious sleeping disorder which occurs when a person's breathing is interrupted during sleep |
| night terrors | sudden awakenings from non-REM sleep that are accompanied by extreme fear, panic, and strong physiological arousal |
| insomnia | the inability to fall asleep or remain asleep for an length of time |
| circadian rhythm | biological processes that occur regularly on approximately 24-hour cycle |
| what can you do to sleep better? | exercise during day and avoid naps;choose regular bedtime;avoid drinks with caffeine after lunch;drink glass of warm milk at bedtime;avoid sleeping pills;try not to sleep |
| hypnosis | trance-like state of heightened susceptibility to the suggestions of others |
| what CAN be achieved during hypnosis? | show high ability to concentrate;control pain;reduce smoking;treat psychological disorders;assisting in law enforcement;improving athletic performance |
| what CANNOT be achieved during hypnosis? | lose all of their own free will;perform antisocial behaviors;carry out self-destructive acts;reveal hidden truths;be hypnotized against their will |
| meditation | a learned technique for refocusing attention that brings about an altered state of consciousness |
| mantra | a sound,word, or syllable that's repeated during meditation |
| what can be achieved through meditation? | become relaxed;improve health |
| pyschoactive drugs | drugs that influence a person's emotions, perceptions, and behavior |
| addictive drugs | drugs that produce a biological or psychological dependence in the user so that withdrawal from them leads to a craving for the drug that, in some cases, may be irresistible |
| stimulants | increase arousal effect on CNS & causes a rise in heart rate, blood pressure,and muscular tension EX caffeine |
| depressants | impede nervous system EX.alcohol |
| narcotics | increase relaxation, and relieve pain and anxiety EX. morphine and heroin |
| hallucinogens | capable of producing changes in perceptual process EX. marijuana |
| impact that stimulants have on the body? | rise in heart rate, blood pressure, and muscular tension |
| impact that depressants have on the body? | temporary intoxication, possible slurred speech, muscles become disjoint |
| impact that heroin has on the body? | causes a "rush", extreme anxiety |
| impacts that hallucinogens have on the body? | hallucinations, heighten emotions |
| advice for a friend with a alcohol or drug problem? | urge the friend to seek help from a physician, psychologist, or counselor |
Created by:
stantonk