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Chapter 25
Chapter 25, Nuclear Chemistry: vocab and key ideas
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the term radioactivity refer to? | the spontaneous emission of rays or particles from certain elements. |
| What are the rays and particles emmitted from a raidoactive source called? | nuclear radiation. |
| Define the word satble: | constant or not likely to change |
| Nuclear reactions begin with what? | radioisotopes. |
| What are radioisotopes? | unstable isotopes. |
| Unlike chemical reactions, nuclear reactions are _____ affected by temperature, pressure, and the presense of a catalyst. | not |
| Can nuclear reactions of a given isotope be slowed down or sped up? | no. |
| What are the three types of nuclear radiation? | alpha radiation, beta radiation, and gamma radiation. |
| An electron resultiong from the breaking apart of a nuetron in an atom is called what? | beta particle. |
| The symbol for an electron has a subscript __ and a superscript ____. | -1 and 0 |
| What is a gamma ray? | A high-energy photon emmitted by a radioisotope. |
| Do gamma rays have mass and elecrical charge? | no. |
| Gamma rays are very ______. And can easily pass throught the human body, wood and paper. | penetrating |
| All atomic nuclei (excepy hydrogen) consists of what? | neutrons and two or more photons. |
| What is nuclear force? | an attractive force that acts between ALL nuclear particles that are close together, such as protons and nuetrons in the nuecleus. |
| What is the band of stabillity? | a graph of the number of neutrons vs. the number protons for all known stable nuclei. |
| Above atomic number 20, stable nuclei have ___ neutrons than protons. | more |
| The neutron-to-ptoton ration in a radioisotope determines what? | the type of decay that occurs. |
| What is a positron? | a particle with the mass of an electron but with a positive charge. |
| When a proton is converted to a neutron, the atomic number decreases and increases by what? | 1 |
| All nuclei that have an atmoc number greater than 83 are what? | radioactive |
| What is a half life? | the time required for one-half of the nuclei in a radioisotope sample to decay to products. |
| During each half life, half of the remaining radioactive atoms decay into what? | atoms of a new element. |
| How long can half lives be? | as sort as seconds or as long as billions of years. |
Created by:
jmhschemistry
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