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Grammar Definitions
English Grammar Definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| clause with verb which is inflected for time, person and number | finite clause |
| clause with verb which is not inflected | infinite clause |
| embedded clause, cannot stand on itself | dependent clause |
| clause can stand by itself | independent clause |
| clause functioning as subject or object or the like | nominal clause |
| dependent clause with conjunction (time, place, concession etc) | adverbial clause |
| only used with "be" | existential "there" |
| thing or person defined, no commas | restrictive clause |
| extra information about thing or person, often with commas | non-restrictive clause |
| clause without relative pronoun, however, dependent | reduced clause |
| omission of words normally part of a clause | elliptical clause |
| verbs that take an object | transitive |
| verbs that don't take an object | intransitive |
| verbs that take only a direct object | monotransitive |
| verbs that take both a direct and an indirect object | ditransitive |
| infinitive without infinitive marker "to" | bare infinitive |
| it, there | preliminary subject |
| that, but, when | subordinating conjunctions |
| and, as well as | coordinating conjunctions |
| cataphoric | referring to sth mentioned earlier |
| anaphoric | referring to sth to mention later |
| normal phrase with verb in indicative | declarative sentence |
| questions, speech act expecting an answer | interrogative sentence |
| relative clause | which, who |
| tense | present, past |
| aspect | progressive |
| voice | active, passive |
| copular, linking verbs | is, seem |
| new information later in the sentence | end focus |
| new information earlier in the sentence | fronting |
| verb followed by adverb | phrasal verb |
| verb combined with noun and prepostion | prepositional verb |
| i.a. | indefinite article |
| d.a. | definite article |
| operators | all modal verbs, have, be, do |
| really? | backchannel |
| don't you? | tag question |
| imperative sentence | don't need a subject |
| exclamative sentence | how pretty you look |
| expletive sentence | swearing |
| subjunctive sentence | does not observe person or number |
| known info first, unknown info next | end-weight principle |
| object can never begin with | preposition (idioms) |
| it is Jamie for whom we are looking, what he wanted to buy was a Fiat. (main clause including dependent clause, key Words "it" and "WHO" etc) | cleft-sentences |
Created by:
SimoneHauptmann
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