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CHEM 183 MT1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who discovered chloroform and around what time? | James Simpson 1847 |
| What chemical compound does a polyester bottle harbour? | Antimony |
| Nowadays, what is the smallest ratio (example: part per billion) detectable by laboratory machines? | Part per trillion |
| What does ADI stands for? What does it mean? | Acceptable Daily Intake. The lowest dose taken each day for your whole life without developing any problems. |
| What does NOAEL stands for? | No Observed Adverse Effect Level |
| How do scientist calculate the ADI? | NOAEL / 100 |
| Definition of Hazard | Fixed property that cannot be altered |
| Definition of Risk | Risk = Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability x Toxicity |
| What does URARI mean? | He to whom it comes, falls |
| Who saw the monkey killed by the 'Three tree' poison? | Sir Walter Raleigh |
| What vine does the URARI (Curare) comes from? | Chondodendron tomentosum |
| What did Charles Waterton realize in 1810's? | Realized that Curare in the right dose could cause muscle relaxation without death |
| Who realized that Curare, in the appropriate dose, could be a muscle relaxant without killing the patient? | Charles Waterton in 1812 |
| What did Claude Bernard understood about the Curare mechanism? (1840's) | That it blocks the nerve impulses from the brain to the muscles. |
| What is the name of the chemical molecule of Curare? | Tubocuranine |
| What did Dr. Harold Griffith did? | He was the first physician to use Curare to relax the muscles of a patient undergoing a surgery |
| Who was the first physician to use Curare to relax the muscles of a patient undergoing an appendectomy in 1940's? | Dr. Harold Griffith |
| Who did something so amazing that we started calling pre X era and post X era? | Dr. Harold Griffith; Pre Griffith era and post Griffith era. |
| What is the name of the synthetic upgrade of Curare? | Pavulon |
| Which compounds are used in the death penalty? | Sodium thiopentol (sleep), Pavulon (breath), Potassium chloride (heart) |
| When was liquid sulfanilamide put on the market? | 1930's |
| What did Harold Watkins do? | He was the chemist that used diethylene glycol as sulfanilamide's solvent. He committed suicide when he heard what his product did to the population. |
| Who was the scientist that used diethylene glycol as a solvent? | Harold Watkins |
| What is Kemps Basalm? | Kind of remedy used during the 1911 flu but not very useful. |
| What is the Trypanosoma cruzi? | It is the scientific name of the parasite of the kissing disease or Chagas Disease. |
| How can we control a Trypanosoma Cruzi? | Ingest a molecule that suppresses a cysteine protease, crucial for the parasite |
| Who was Sir William Osler? | Started medical education in North America with McGill and John Hopkins. Listen to the patient, he will tell you the diagnosis (1870's) |
| What is a Drug? | Chemical agent that affects living matter |
| What are smelling salts made of? | Ammonium Carbonate |
| Who were the two doctors know for writing about the practice of medicine, in the 1130's - 1200's? | Avicenna and Maimonides |
| What is ABT-594 and where can we find it? | It is a compound 200 times more effective than morphine at preventing pain, is non-addictive. Found on Panamanian frog. |
| Who was Jakob Bohme? | Established the Doctrine of Signatures, influenced by Hegel and Schopenhauer |
| What is a Bezoar Stone and what was it cured? | It is kidney stones from goats and apparently cured Black Plague. |
| Name one emetic and say what it does? | Ipecac, induces vomiting instantaneously. |
| Why is Aconite known? | Because it was the poison used in Romeo and Juliet. |
| What is used for failing heart (CHF) and is derived from foxglove plant? | Digoxin |
| What did William Withering published? | 'A botanical arrangement of all the vegetables growing in Great Britain' and the first medical articles ever on the foxglove |
| Where does Quinine comes from and why is it used? | It is an alkaloid that comes from the bark and leafs of the Cinchona plant and is used against Malaria. |
| What did Pelletier and Caventou do? | They were the 1rst to efficiently purify Quinine from Cinchona bark |
| To what is DDT toxic? | To Birds, it causes bird eggs to crack prematurely. |
| What is the other name for Syphilis? | 'The Great Pox' 1490's |
| What did Samuel Hahnemann do? | Proposed the essence and foundation of Homeopathy |
| Who purified morphine at the start of the 1800'th century? | Friedrich Serturner |
| What did Joseph Lister brought to the medical knowledge? | He first started spraying phenol in the air during an operation to reduce infections, but switched it to washing hands and wearing gloves. Named Listerine after him. |
| Who was the man that McGill named the Roddick Gate after? | He introduced Antisepsis in Canada |
| From what molecule structure is phenol has many differences? | Thymol (desinfectant), Propophol (milk of amnesia) and BHT (antioxydant) |
| What was Salicylic acid used for and what was his main problem? | Was used in acne solution and warts and his main problem was stomach irritation |
| Who is Felix Hoffman? | In the 1890's, he discovered the aspirin for his dad because he had arthritis and found that salicylic acid was bitter sweet. |
| What does COX stand for? | CyclOoXygenase |
| What are prostaglandin? | Pain messenger |
| Who was John Vane? | He was the scientist that gain a Nobel Prize for explaining the prostaglandin's mechanism |
| What does NSAID stands for? | Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| What is the other name for acetaminophen? | Paracetamol |
| What is rofecoxib? | Also called Vioxx, it is an anti-inflammatory drug that is COX-2 selecting but increases the risks of heart disease |
| What is the opposite of the Placebo effect? | The Nocibo effect |
| Who was Joseph Priestley? | He used laughing gaz |
| What did Crawford Williamson do in the 1840's? | He succeeded the first sirurgie with anaesthetics (2 tumors) but published his findings only 6 years after. |
| What did Horace Wells used as an anaesthetic? | Laughing gas (N2O) |
| What was the name and the other name given by William T. G. Morton to his anaesthetic? | He used ether but named it Letheon |
| Who was John Collins Warren? | Most famous surgeon of USA. Realized a successful operation using ether as anaesthetic. |
| Why was there a controversy over Queen Victoria in the 1850's? | She got anaesthetize by John Snow when giving birth to her 8th children. |
| What is Fentanyl? | It is an intravenous anaesthetic 100 times more powerful than morphine and possess a half-life time of 5h |
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TheRuch
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