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Chapter 1 HA
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | The study of structures in the human body. the word anatomy is derived from the Greek word anatome, which means to cut apart or dissect. |
| Physiology | Study of how body parts function together. |
| Microscopic Anatomy | The examining the structures that cannot be observed by the unaided eye. |
| Cytology | Study of body cells and their internal structure. |
| Histology | Study of tissues formed by cells and cell products. |
| Gross Anatomy | also called macroscopic anatomy, investigates the structure and relationships of body parts that are visible to the unaided eye, such as the intestines, stomach, brain, heart, and kidneys. |
| Systemic Anatomy | Studies the anatomy of each functional body system. |
| Regional Anatomy | Examines all of the structures in a particular region of the body as a complete unit |
| Surface Anatomy | focuses on both superficial anatomic markings and the internal body structures that relate to the skin covering them. |
| Comparative Anatomy | Examines similarities and the differences in the anatomy of different species. |
| Embryology | (embryon = young one) Study of the origin and developmental changes occurring from conception to birth. |
| Anatomists | Scientist who study the structure and form of organisms. they examine the relationships among parts of the body as well as the structure of individual organs. |
| Physiologists | Scientists who examine how organs and body systems function under normal circumstances, as well as how their functioning may be altered via medication or disease. |
| Pathological Anatomy | (pathos = disease) Examines all anatomic changes resulting form disease. |
| Radiographic Anatomy | Investigates the relationships among internal structures that may be visualized by specific scanning procedures, such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or x-ray. |
| Cardiovascular Physiology | Examines the functioning of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. |
| Neurophysiology | Examines how nerve impulses travel throughout the nervous system and how nervous system organs work. |
| Respiratory Physiology | the study of how respiratory gases are transferred by gas exchange between the lungs and the blood vessels supplying the lungs, among other things. |
| Reproductive Physiology | explores how the regulation of reproductive hormones can drive the reproductive cycle and influence sex cell production and maturation. |
| Pathophysiology | Investigates the relationship between the functioning of an organ system and disease or injury to that organ system. |
| Organization | all organisms exhibit a complex structure and order. |
| Metabolism | 1. Catabolism 2. Anabolism metabole = change; all organisms engage in metabolism, is defined as the sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur within the body |
| Anabolism | a. Building small molecules into large molecules b. Requires or uses energy (anabole = a raising up) in which small molecules are joined to for larger molecules |
| Catabolism | a. Breaking down large molecules into small molecules b. Releases energy (katabole = a casting down), in which large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules |
| Responsiveness | all organisms exhibit responsiveness, which is the ability to sense and react to stimuli |
| stimuli | changes in the external or internal environment |
| homeostasis | State of equilibrium in the body with respect to various functions and the chemical composition of fluids the body's ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in response to change internal or external conditions |
| reproduction | all organisms produce new cells for growth, maintenance, and repair. |
| Chemical Level | the simplest level, and it involves atoms and molecules |
| Atoms | the smallest particle that displays properties of an element; composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons (except in hydrogen) |
| Molecule | composed of atoms or ions held together by an attractions or chemical bond. |
| Macromolecules | Large complex molecules (e.g., carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins). |
| Organelles | Complex organized structures in the cytoplasm of a cell with unique characteristic shapes; called "little organs" |
| Cellular Level | consists of cells which are the smallest living structures and serve as the basic units of structure and function in organisms |
| Tissue Level | consists of tissues, which are groups of similar cells that perform common functions. |
| Organ System Level |
Created by:
uali1994