Making assumptions about a whole group or range of cases Based on a sample that is inadequate or with little evidence (usually because it is atypical or too small).

Offering a solution or an explanation that is too simple for the problem or issue being argued. This fault overlooks the complexity of an issue.

A form of generalization or oversimplification in which an entire group is narrowly labeled or perceived on the basis of a few in the group.

falsely claiming that, because something resembles something else in one way, it resembles is in all ways.

Drawing inferences or conclusions that do not follow logically from available evidence.

Attacking the character of the arguer rather than the argument itself.

A complicated fallacy, an argument that asks the reader to simply accept the conclusion without providing real evidence.

Partway through an argument, the arguer goes off on a tangent, raising a side issue that distracts the audience from what's really at stake. Often, the arguer never returns to the original issue.

Post Hoc (false cause)

Assuming that because B comes after A, A caused B.

The premises of an argument do support a particular conclusion – but not the conclusion that the arguer actually draws.

The arguer claims that a sort of chain reaction, usually ending in some dire consequence, will take place, but there's really not enough evidence for that assumption.

Two things that are being compared as an analogy that aren't really alike in the relevant respects.

Often, we add strength to our arguments by referring to respected sources or authorities & explaining their positions on issues we're discussing.

It takes place when an arguer tries to get people to accept a conclusion by making them feel sorry for someone.

In this one, the arguer basically says, "Look, there's no conclusive evidence on the issue at hand. Therefore, you should accept my conclusion on this issue."

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Logical Fallacies

Dual Credit English Logical Fallacies

Term	Definition
Hasty Generalization	Making assumptions about a whole group or range of cases Based on a sample that is inadequate or with little evidence (usually because it is atypical or too small).
Oversimplification	Offering a solution or an explanation that is too simple for the problem or issue being argued. This fault overlooks the complexity of an issue.
Stereotyping	A form of generalization or oversimplification in which an entire group is narrowly labeled or perceived on the basis of a few in the group.
False Analogy	falsely claiming that, because something resembles something else in one way, it resembles is in all ways.
Non Sequitur	Drawing inferences or conclusions that do not follow logically from available evidence.
Ad Hominem	Attacking the character of the arguer rather than the argument itself.
Begging the Question	A complicated fallacy, an argument that asks the reader to simply accept the conclusion without providing real evidence.
Red Herring	Partway through an argument, the arguer goes off on a tangent, raising a side issue that distracts the audience from what's really at stake. Often, the arguer never returns to the original issue.
Post Hoc (false cause)	Assuming that because B comes after A, A caused B.
Missing the Point	The premises of an argument do support a particular conclusion – but not the conclusion that the arguer actually draws.
Slippery Slope	The arguer claims that a sort of chain reaction, usually ending in some dire consequence, will take place, but there's really not enough evidence for that assumption.
Weak Analogy	Two things that are being compared as an analogy that aren't really alike in the relevant respects.
Appeal to Authority	Often, we add strength to our arguments by referring to respected sources or authorities & explaining their positions on issues we're discussing.
Appeal to Pity	It takes place when an arguer tries to get people to accept a conclusion by making them feel sorry for someone.
Appeal to Ignorance	In this one, the arguer basically says, "Look, there's no conclusive evidence on the issue at hand. Therefore, you should accept my conclusion on this issue."

Created by: elisabethl

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