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Section 3.3
Measures of Variation
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Range | the difference between the maximum data value and the minimum data value; Range = (max value)-(min value) very sensitive to extreme values |
| Standard Deviation | 's'; measure of variation of values about the mean |
| Variance | measure of variation equal to the square of the standard deviation |
| Range Rule of Thumb | based on the principle that for many data sets, the vast majority of sample values lie within 2 standard deviations of the mean |
| Usual Values | typical and not too extreme (mean) - 2 x (standard deviation) |
| Unusual Values | those which lie outside two standard deviations of the mean (mean) + 2 x (standard deviation) |
| Empirical (68-95-99.7) Rule | data sets having a distribution that is approximately bell shaped; (68%-fall within 1 st. dev of mean; 95%-2 st dev; 99.7%-3 st dev) |
| Chebyshev's Theorem | proportion (or fraction) of any set of data lying within K standard deviations of the mean is always at least 1-1/K^2 |
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