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Chem 107 #1 UL
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Statement summarizing past observations that is always the same under the same conditions | Law |
statement explaining observations and laws | Theory |
study of matter and the changes it undergoes | chemistry |
anything that occupies space and has mass | Matter |
Compounds and elements are examples of ____ | Pure substances |
Two examples of mixtures are ___ and ___ | Homogeneous and heterogenous |
Form of matter with definite composition and distinct properties | Pure substance |
substance composed of only one kind of atom | Element |
substance composed of two of more different elements chemically united in fixed proportions | Compound |
__ change does not alter the composition identity of a material | Physical |
__ change alters the composition of identity of the material involved | Chemical |
__ property of a material depends on how much matter is considered. Examples: mass and volume | Extensive |
___ property does not depend on how much matter is being considered. Examples: density and temperature | Intensive |
Measure of the quantity of matter | mass |
includes the force that gravity exerts on an object | weight |
mass/volume | density |
Significant figures; addition/ subtractions | least number of decimal places |
Significant figures: multiplication/ division | least number of significant figures |
How close a measurement is to the true value | Accuracy |
how close a set of measurements are to each other | Precision |
Elements are composed of extremely small particles called atoms | Dalton's atomic theory |
All atoms of a given elements are identical, having the same size, mass and chemical properties. The atoms one element are different from the atoms of all other elements | Dalton's atomic theory |
Atoms combine in simple, whole-number ratios to form compounds | Dalton's atomic theory |
Different samples of the same compound always contain the same proportion of elements by mass | Law of definite proportions |
Elements can combine in different ways to form different compounds, whose mass ratios are simple whole numbers | Law of multiple proportions |
A chemical reaction involves only the separation, combinations, or rearrangement of atoms; it does not result in their creation of destruction | Dalton's Atomic Theory |
Matter can neither be created nor destroyed | Law of conservation of mass |
Basic unit of an element that can enter into chemical reaction | atom |
The ___ was discovered by Joesph Thomson with the cathode ray tube | Electron |
The __ by discovered Ernest Rutherford alpha particle scattering. | Proton |
The ___ by discovered by James Chadwick | neutron |
at least 2 distinct forms of an element have different properties | Allotrope |
bond formed between two ions, a metal and nonmetal. | ionic |
positively- charged ion, formed by losing electrons | cation |
negatively- charged ion, formed by gaining electrons | anion |
SCN- | thiocyanate |
C2O4-2 | Oxalate |
IO- | Hypoiodite |
IO-2 | Iodite |
IO-3 | Iodate |
IO-4 | Periodate |