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Geog Ch 1 Review
Exploring Geography
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Prime Meridian | 0 degree line of longitude that divides the earth into eastern and western hemispheres |
| mantle | the thick rock layer around the Earth's core |
| latitude | imaginary lines used to measure distance north and south of the Equator and divide the earth into north and south |
| glaciers | huge sheets of slow-moving ice |
| hemisphere | half of the globe |
| plate techtonics | this theory says that the earth's outer shell is not solid rock, but moving plates |
| geography | the study of where people, places, and things are located and how they are related |
| absolute location | uses latitude and longitude and does not change - example is Chicago 42*N, 88*W |
| folds | `rock layers that bend and buckle |
| relative location | where somewhere is located in relation to somewhere else (south of Iowa) |
| loess | windblown deposits of mineral-rich dust and silt |
| lava | molten rock that breaks the surface of the earth |
| fault | a break in the earth's crust |
| continents | the seven large landmasses on earth |
| The physical characteristics of a place include... | land forms and vegetation |
| The movement which geographers talk usually refers to... | people, goods, and ideas |
| The customs, politics, and foods that make a place unique... | human-environmental interactions |
| region | a group of places drained by a particular river, a group of places that have similar land form patterns, a group of places ruled by the same government |
| An internal force that helps create new land forms | volcanism |
| land forms are commonly classifed by differences in | relief |
| The largest canyons and deepest valleys were created by | moving water |
| the force that propels the movement of the earth's plates is | convection |
| The five themes of geography | location, place, human-environment interaction, movement, and regions |
| the greatest agent of erosion | running water |
| The theory of plate tectonics says that... | large moving slabs of rock slide slowly over the mantle |
| The circle of volcanoes in the Pacific Ocean | the Ring of Fire |
| The three internal parts of the earth | crust mantle core (inner is solid) (outer is nickel) |
| Three external features of the earth | mountains, hills, plains, plateaus |
| An example of an internal force that has shaped the earth's land forms | volcanism |
| Two types of weathering: | mechanical weathering chemical weathering |
| The three main types of erosion | wind, water, glaciers |
| Which type of erosion is responsible for the largest valleys and deepest canyons> | moving water |
| The three ways the earth's surface is constantly being changed | volcano earthquakes flooding |
| How old to geologists believe the earth is approximately | 4,600,000,000 years |
| Name the three layers of the earth | core (center of the earth made of molten iron and nickel) mantle (thick layer of rock about 1,800 miles thick) crust (rocky surface layer thin like frosting on a cake, 5-22 miles thick |
| atmosphere | layer of air and water above the earth's surface |
| biosphere | plants and animals on the earth's surface |
| lithosphere | soil, rocks, and other land forms |
| hydrosphere | water in the oceans, lakes, and underground |
| More than ______% of the earth's surface is made of water | 70% |
| How many continents or large land masses are on the earth | 7 |
| What are examples of land forms found on the earth's surface? | mountains, hills, plateaus, plains |
| A volcano forms where ____ breaks through the earth's crust | lava |
| Two theories that help to explain the theory of plate tectonics? | Continental Drift Seafloor Spreading |
| What was the name of the "super continent" that existed 180 million years ago? | Pangaea |
| The process that causes the continental plates to move | convection |
| The four types of plate movement | subduction spreading converging faulting |
| Name three external features of the earth: | water - 70% of Earth is water continents - 7 main land masses other land forms |
| What internal forces create Earth's land forms? | volcanoes (movement of magma/lava through the earth's crust bending (or folding) or breaking (faulting) - cause earthquakes |
| By what forces were most of the Earth's landforms created? | internal forces |
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7thgrade