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Bus. Ethics Test 1

Question	Answer
Which best describes the correct relationships between the law and ethics?	the law should be consistent with the best available ethical standards
Which best describes the ethical view known as the Divine Command Theory?	An Action is morally required only if god commands it
Which describes the ethical position known as subjectivism, associated with Rousseau?	Whatever you (the subject) feel is right is right.
Which best describes the traditional view known as Divine Command Theory?	God's commands are the only basis of right and wrong.
Which is the correct definition of the moral view known as ethical relativism?	What is right is determined by the belief's of one's surrounding culture
Which is the best definition of the moral theory known as ethical egoism?	The right act is the one that promotes an agent's own long term interests.
Which is the moral standard of the ethical theory known as utilitarianism?	Maximize happiness or pleasure for the affected group as a whole
Which is a correct phrasing of Kant's famous Categorical Imperative?	Act only on maxims that can be consistently universalized.
According to libertarians, which is the only legitimate function of government?	protection from harm by other citizens and foreign enemies
Which most accurately describes what John Rawls means by the Original Position?	a hypothetical state where the rules of a just society are formulated
Which best describes the economic concept of "marginal utility"?	the utility of one additional unit of some good
Which best describes the general attitude of D.W. Haslett toward inheritance?	Inheritance should be abolished with a few exceptions, such as one's spouse.
If ethical relativism is the correct view of ethics, which claim would be true?	There would be no such thing as moral progress
If ethical relativism is correct, which conclusion follows about the universal moral rules?	Some universal rules could still hold, such as the ban against murder
If ethical relativism is correct, which is the correct response to polygamy?	The practice should continue in cultures where it is socially approved
Which would make it impossible for ethical relativist to determine what is right?	Some cultures do not have consistent beliefs about moral rules
Which provides the best expression of Kant's famous Categorical Imperative?	Act only on rules that can be consistently universalized
Which objection does Kant raise against the traditional Golden Rule?	The golden rule appears to allow immoral acts such as adultery
Which moral objection to lying is based on the categorical imperative?	A wold of liars is morally inconsistent
Which defense of keeping ones promise is most clearly Kantian?	Promises would be impossible if no one in world kept them
Which statement provides the best description for moral view known as egoism?	The right act is the one that promotes an agents own long term interests.
For which group do egoists acknowledge or recognize moral obligations?	Themselves and no one else
Which statement draws an incorrect conclusion about ethical egoists?	Ethical egoists are never honest, generous, or gracious
Which statement best captures the basic idea of "psychological egoism"?	There is no such thing as a truly unselfish act
Which moral justification did Hobbes, as an egoist give for helping a beggar?	Assisting the poor gave Hobbes some personal satisfaction
Which is the moral standard of the ethical theory known as utilitarianism?	Maximize happiness or pleasure for the affected group as a whole
Which of the following results would be favored by utilitarian ethics?	200 units of pleasure with 50 units of pain (minus pleasure from pain and whatever the highest, 200-50=150 highest0
Which of the following defenses of an act of cannibalism is utilitarian?	Their cannibalism produced more pleasure than alternative choices
Which statement is true on the most reasonable interpretation of utilitarian ethics?	Almost any action could be right given the proper circumstances
Which complaint is most legitimately raised against classic utilitarian ethics?	Utilitarianism places to much stress on the group over the individual
Which constitutes a major difference between Kant's ethics and utilitarianism?	Unlike Kant's ethics, utilitarian's judges actions by their consequences
Which rationalization was used to ignore safety improvements on the Ford Pinto?	Damages to burn victims were cheaper than repair costs
Which ethical theory most clearly justifies Fords decision to market unsafe vehicles?	Egoism
According to libertarians, which is the sole legitimate function of government?	Protection from violations of negative rights
Which is the classic economic justification under capitalism for the inheritance tax?	Money concentrated in a few families over generations leads to a misdistribution
Which general principal is used by utilitarian's for economic distributions?	Always take the distribution that maximizes happiness for the economy
Which distribution would be selected by Mill, where entries are units of pleasure?	10,000,000 . 200 . 5,000,000 (the one that is the most)
Which best describes the exchange in Hobbes contract theory of government?	Citizens trade most of their natural rights for increased security
Which most accurately describes what John Rawls meant by original position?	a hypothetical state where the rules for a society are formulated
Which is the best description of those behind Rawls "veil of ignorance"?	Acting from self-interest but without bias toward any social group
Which best describes the first of Rawls two principles for just society?	Political rights should be distributed to everyone in the same degree
Which best describes the second of Rawls two principles for the just society?	Economic differences in society must benefit the least well off citizens
Which standard is used by John Rawls for the distribution of political rights?	Every right should be given that can be consistently given to everyone
Which statement most accurately describes Rawls maximin principle?	Select the distribution that does the best for those at the bottom
Which economic distribution would be selected by Rawls maximin principle?	1,000,000 . 500,000 . 300,000 (highest minimum value)
Which best defines the economic concepts of "marginal utility"?	The utility of one additional unit of some good
If added to the following sums, in which case does $1 have the highest marginal utility?	$1.00 (smallest value)
Which criticism of Mills utilitarian distribution is offered by John Rawls?	Utilitarian's focus only on the total income, ignoring individual shares
Which best describes the actual process of distribution in a capitalist economy?	Workers get whatever they earn under the rules governing the competition
Which defines the states constitutional power known as "eminent domain"?	The power to force citizens to sell their private property for public use
Which ruling about "eminent domain" was passed in Kelo vs. New London (2005)?	One can be forced to sell to their private citizens, if the property is upgraded
Which ethical justification of eminent domain is best classified as utilitarian?	Private Property can be taken only if the transfer is best for society as a whole
Which feature are the most distinctive characteristics of corporations?	For social purposes, the corporation itself is considered a legal person
Which provides the best description of Adam Smith's so called "invisible hand"?	The common good is served when all seek their self-interest
Capitalism:	an economic system that operates on the basis of profit and market exchange and in which the major means of production and distribution are in private hands
Corporation:	an artificial being, invisible, intangible, and existing only in the contemplation of law

Created by: 559891403

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