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Mastering Bio Ch. 7

Study cards for Dr. Day's Survey of Biology at Clayton State

QuestionAnswer
What is a phospholipid bilayer made of? Hydrophillic heads on the outside with hydrophobic tails on the inside.
What is the Fluid Mosaic Model? Phospholipids are not attached, they move around. Movement allows passage of water (which is polar). Proteins cannot pass due to size. Some are embedded and can move along the membrane.
What causes solidifying of phospholipid bilayer? Cooler temperatures reduce fluidity.
What allows phospholipid bilayer to remain fluid longer? If it is rich in unsaturated hydrocarbon tails. Tails are kinked which prevents packing.
How does cholesterol affect phospholipid bilayer? Reduces membrane fluidity at moderate temps by reducing phospholipid movmeent. Also hinders solidification by disrupting the regular packing of the phospholipids.
How may types of proteins are on a RBC membrane? More than 50.
Categories of membrane proteins: 1) Integral (aka Transmembrane) 2) Peripheral
What is an Integral Membrane Protein? A protein that is embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. Can go all the way through, or just partway.
What is a Peripheral Membrane Protein? A protein that is not attached to the membrane. Part will be exposed to an integral protein.
Six functions of membrane proteins: 1) Transport (integral) 2) Enzymatic activity 3) Signal transduction 4) cell-cell recognition 5) intracellular joining 6) attachment to the ECM (extracellular matrix)
What is the endoplasmic reticulum? Synthesies membrane proteins and lipids.
What is Passive Transport? Transport across the cell membrane that does not require energy. Diffusion, osmosis, and fascilitated diffusion.
What is Diffusion? Movement of solutes in water.
What is Osmosis? Movement of water to create an equal solute concentration
What is Active Transport? Transport across the cell membrane that requires energy (ATP)
Three types of solutions (tonicity) Isotonic, Hypotonic, Hypertonic
What is an Isotonic solution? Same number of solutes inside and outside the cell, causing no net movement of water.
What is a Hypertonic solution? Solution outside cell has MORE solutes than inside the cell, causing net movement of water OUT of the cell. Causes cretination (shriveling) of cell.
What is a Hypotonic solution? Solution outside cell has LESS solutes than inside the cell, causing net movement of water INTO of the cell. Causes swelling and lysis (explosion) of cell.
Define "amphipathic" Has both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region.
What are Ion Channels? Channel proteins that transport ions through the cell membrane.
What is the sodium-potassium pump? Moves 3 Na+ out of the cell for ever 2 K+ pumped into the cell(against their concentration gradients).
Is the inside of a cell negative or positive? Negative.
What is an electrogenic pump? A transport protein that generates voltage across a membrane. Animals: sodium-potassium pump. Plants: Proton pump.
What is cotransport? A single ATP-powered pump that transports a specific solute and indirectly drives the active transport of several other solutes. Occurs when a membrane protein enables "downhill" diffusion of one solute to drive the "uphill" transport of another.
What is exocytosis? An energy requiring process in which the cell secretes biological molecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.
What is endocytosis? The cell takes in biological molecules and particulate by forming new vesicles from the plasma membrane.
What is diffusion? The spontaneous movement of a substance DOWN its concentration gradient.
What is the electrochemical gradient? Ions can have both a concentration (chemical) gradient and an electrical (voltage) gradient.
Created by: ghouliegrrrl
 

 



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