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Chem Chapter 1
Chemistry 1 Chapter 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Matter | Anything that occupies space and has mass. |
| Energy | Ability to do work |
| Atom | Smallest part of an element that is still that element |
| Molecule | Two or more atoms joined and actin as a unit |
| Element | Substance that cannot be decomposed by any chemical reaction or physical process into simpler substances |
| Compound | Substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined |
| Chemical Reaction | One substance changes into another by reorganizing the way the atoms are attached to each other |
| Science | Framework for gaining and organizing knowledge |
| Scientific Method | Hypothesis, Theory, Law |
| Hypothesis | Possible explanation for an observation |
| Theory | Attempt to explain why it happens |
| Law | Summarizes what happens |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | Mass is neither created nor destroyed |
| Law of Definite Proportion | Given compound always contains the same proportion of elements by mass |
| Law of Multiple Proportions | Elements can be combined to form different compounds by combining the elements in different proportions |
| Dalton's Atomic Theory | 1. Elements are composed of atoms 2. All atoms of an element show same chemical properties 3.Atoms of different elements have different properties 4.Compounds form when atoms of two or more elements combine |
| Dalton's Atomic Theory | 5.In a compound the relative number of atoms of each kind is definite and constant 6.In a chemical reaction no atom of any element disappears or is changed into an atom of another element |
| Dalton's Atomic Theory | 7. Chemical reactions involve changing the way atoms are joined together |
| Rutherford's Experiment | Shot alpha particles at a thin piece of gold foil and watched them scatter. Proving that there was a "nucleus". |
| Atomic Structure | Positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons |
| Electrons | 1. Found in electron cloud 2.Relative charge of -1 3.Relative mass of 0.00055 amu 4.J.J Thompson discovered |
| Protons | 1.Found in the nucleus 2.Relative charge of +1 3.Relative mass of 1.0073 amu |
| Neutrons | 1. Found in nucleus 2.Neutral charge 3.Relative mass of 1.0087 |
| Atomic Number | Number of protons in nucleus |
| Mass Number | Number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus |
| Isotopes | Example: 23 Na and 24 Na Same number of protons but different number of neutrons |
| Ion | Electrically charged particle |
| Cation | When an atom loses an electron it becomes positively charged |
| Anion | When an atom gains an electron it becomes positively charged |
| Energy | Ability to do work or produce heat |
| Work | Force acting over a distance |
| Heat | Energy that flows from one object to another because of temperature |
| Law of Conservation of Energy | Energy can be converted from one form to another but can be neither created nor destroyed TOTAL ENERGY CONTENT OF THE UNIVERSE IS CONSTANT |
| Kinetic Energy | Energy of Motion |
| Potential Energy | Stored energy due to position |
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