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Ch2 CHEM VOCAB
Ch2 CHEM
Term | Definition |
---|---|
polymers | plastics |
monomers | small repeating unit from which a polymer molecule is made |
polymer backbone | carbon atoms linked together in a long chain in a polymer molecule |
amu | atomic mass unit |
1 amu | 1.6605 x 10^-24 g |
isotopic abundances | percentages of atoms of an isotope in a element sample |
mass number | combined total protons and neutrons |
monatomic ion | ion with single atom |
polyatomic ion | groups of atoms that carry a charge |
anions | negative charge |
cation | positive charge |
chemical bonds | attractive force between two atoms holding a molecule together |
chemical formula | symbolic description of a molecule |
molecular formula | number of atoms of each element in a molecule |
empirical formula | simplest whole number ratio of atoms each element |
hydrates | compounds with 1+ water molecules in crystal lattice |
lattice | regular, periodic arrangement of molecules in crystalline solid |
ionic bonding | one compound loses electron and another gains it, attraction between 2 make it come together |
formula unit | smallest whole number ratio of cations and anions in ionic compound |
metallic bonding | proton core surrounded by floating electrons |
covalent bonds | shared electrons |
periodic law | elements display a regular and periodic variation in chemical properties |
periodicity | regular patterns of behavior |
periods | horizontal rows |
groups | vertical columns |
alkali metals | group 1 |
alkali earth metals | group 2 |
halogens | group 17 |
noble gases | group 18 |
transition metals | groups 3-12 |
actinides | elements 89-103 |
lanthanides | elements57-71 |
metal | malleable, ductile, conduct electricity, and tends to form cations |
nonmetal | not a metal |
metalloids | some properties of metals, some properties of nonmetals |
organic chemistry | anything involving carbon |
inorganic chemistry | everything but carbon |
line structure | visual representation of organic compounds |
functional group | atoms in characteristic of organic compounds |
addition reaction | 2+ smaller molecules form bigger molecule |
hydrocarbons | molecules with only carbon and hydrogen |
oxyanions | polyatomic anions with oxygen |
HDPE | high density polyethylene |
LDPE | low density polyethylene |
UHMWPE | ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene |
binary compound | compound with two different elements |
chemical nomenclature | systematic assignment of names |
free radicals | extremely reactive, unpaired electron |
isotopes | atoms of same elements with different number of neutrons |