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Reflexes

Question	Answer
Rooting onset age	28 weeks gestation
Rooting integration age	3 months
Rooting stimulus	stroke the corner of the mouth, upper lip, and lower lip
Rooting response	Movement of the tongue, mouth, and/or head toward the stimulus
Rooting relevance	allows searching for and locating feeding source
Suck-swallow onset age	28 weeks gestation
Suck-swallow integration age	2-5 months
Suck-swallow stimulus	Place examiners index finger inside infant's mouth with head in midline.
Suck-swallow response	Strong, rhythmical sucking
Suck-swallow relevance	allows ingestion of nourishment
Traction onset age	28 weeks gestation
Traction integration age	2-5 months
Traction stimulus	grasp infant's forearms and pull-to-sit.
Traction response	complete flexion of upper extremities
Traction relevance	Enhances momentary reflexive grasp
Moro Reflex onset age	28 wks gestation
Moro Reflex integration age	4-6 months
Moro Reflex Stimulus	rapidly drop infant's head backward
Moro Reflex Response	first phase: arm extension/abduction, hand opening Second phase: arm flexion and adduction
Moro Reflex Relevance	facilitates ability to depart from dominant flexor posture: protective response.
Plantar Grasp onset age	28 wks gestation
Plantar Grasp integration age	9 months
Plantar Grasp stimulus	apply pressure with thumb on the infant's ball of the foot
Plantar grasp response	toe flexion
Plantar grasp relevance	increases tactile input to sole of foot
Galant onset age	32 wks gestation
Galant integration age	2 months
Galant stimulus	hold infant in prone suspension, gently scratch or tap alongside the spine with finger from shoulders to buttocks
Galant Response	lateral trunk flexion and wrinkling of the skin on the stimulated side
Galant Relevance	facilitates lateral trunk movements necessary for trunk stabilization
Asymmetric tonic neck onset age	37 wks gestation
Asymmetric tonic neck integration	4-6 months
Asymmetric tonic neck stimulus	fully rotate infant's head and hold for 5 seconds
Asymmetric tonic neck response	extension of extremeties on the face side, flexion of extremities on the skull side
Asymmetric tonic neck relevance	promotes visual hand regard
Palmer grasp onset age	37 wks gestation
palmer grasp integration age	4-6 months
palmer grasp stimulus	place examiner's finger in infant's palm
palmer grasp response	finger flexion; reflexive grasp
palmer grasp relevance	increases tactile input on the palm of the hand
Tonic labyrinthine-supine onset age	>37 wks gestation
Tonic labyrinthine-supine integration age	6 months
Tonic labyrinthine-supine stimulus	place infant in supine
Tonic labyrinthine-supine response	increased extensor tone
Tonic labyrinthine-supine relevance	facilitates total-body extensor tone
Tonic labyrinthine-prone onset age	>37 wks gestation
Tonic labyrinthine-prone integration age	6 months
Tonic labyrinthine-prone stimulus	place infant in prone
Tonic labyrinthine-prone response	increased flexor tone
Tonic labyrinthine-prone relevance	facilitates total-body flexor tone
Labyrinthine/optical (head) righting onset	birth- 2months
Labyrinthine/optical (head) righting integration	persists
Labyrinthine/optical (head) righting stimulus	hold infant suspended vertically and tilt slowly (about 45 degrees) to the side, forward, or backward
Labyrinthine/optical (head) righting response	upright positioning of the head
Labyrinthine/optical (head) righting relevance	orients head in space; maintains face vertical
Landau onset age	3-4 months
Landau integration age	12-24 months
Landau stimulus	hold infant in horizontal prone suspension
Landau response	complete extension of head, trunk, and extremities
Landau relevance	breaks up flexor dominance; facilitates prone extension
Symmetric tonic neck onset age	4-6 months
Symmetric tonic neck integration age	8-12 months
symmetric tonic neck stimulus	place infant in the crawling position and extend the head
symmetric tonic neck response	flexion of hips and knees
symmetric tonic neck relevance	breaks up total extensor posture; facilitates static quadruped position
Neck righting on the body (NOB) onset	34 wks gestation
Neck righting on the body (NOB)integration	4-5 months
Neck righting on the body (NOB)stimulus	place infant in supine and fully turn head to one side
Neck righting on the body (NOB)response	log rolling of the entire body to maintain alignment with the head
Neck righting on the body (NOB)relevance	first ambulation effort
Body Righting (BOB) onset	34 wks gestation
Body Righting (BOB) integration	4-6 months
Body Righting (BOB) stimulus	flex one limb over the chest and rotate the limb across the body
Body Righting (BOB) response	infant’s upper body will follow the pelvis in a log roll
Body Righting (BOB) Relevance	assists child in rolling between supine and prone
Downward parachute (protective extension downward) onset age	4 months
Downward parachute (protective extension downward) integration age	persists
Downward parachute (protective extension downward) stimulus	rapidly lower infant toward supporting surface while suspended vertically
Downward parachute (protective extension downward) response	extension of the lower extremities
Downward parachute (protective extension downward) relevance	allows accurate placement of lower extremities in anticipation of a surface.
Forward parachute (protective extension foward) onset age	6-9 months
Forward parachute (protective extension foward) integration age	persists
Forward parachute (protective extension foward)stimulus	suddenly tip infant forward toward supporting surface while vertically suspended
Forward parachute (protective extension foward)response	sudden extension of the upper extremities, hand opening, and neck extension
Forward parachute (protective extension foward)relevance	allows accurate placement of UEs in anticipation of supporting surface to prevent a fall.
Sideward parachute (protective extension sideward) onset age	7 months
Sideward parachute (protective extension sideward) integration age	persists
Sideward parachute (protective extension sideward) stimulus	quickly but firmly tip infant off-balance to the side while in the sitting position
Sideward parachute (protective extension sideward) response	arm extension and abduction to the side
Sideward parachute (protective extension sideward) relevance	protects body to prevent a fall; supports body for unilateral use of opposite arm.
Backward parachute (protective extension backward) onset age	9-10 months
Backward parachute (protective extension backward) integration age	persists
Backward parachute (protective extension backward) stimulus	quickly but firmly tip infant off-balance backward
Backward parachute (protective extension backward) response	backward arm extension or arm extension to one side
Backward parachute (protective extension backward) relevance	protects body to prevent a fall; unilaterally facilitates spinal rotation.
Prone tilting onset age	5 months
Prone tilting integration age	persists
Prone tilting stimulus	after positioning infant in prone, slowly raise one side of the supporting surface
Prone tilting response	curving of the spine toward the raised side(opposite to the pull of gravity) abduction/extension of arms and legs.
Prone tilting relevance	maintain equilibrium without arm support, facilitate postural adjustments in all positions.
Supine tilting and sitting tilting onset age	7-8 months
Supine tilting and sitting tilting integration age	persists
Supine tilting and sitting tilting stimulus	after positioning infant in supine or sitting, slowly raise one side of the supporting surface.
Supine tilting and sitting tilting response	curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite to the pull of gravity), abduction/extension of arms and legs.
Supine tilting and sitting tilting relevance	maintain equilibrium without arm support; facilitate postural adjustments in all positions
Quadruped tilting onset age	9-12 months
Quadruped tilting integration age	persists
Quadruped tilting stimulus	after positioning infant on all fours, slowly raise on side of the supporting surface.
Quadruped tilting response	curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite to the pull of gravity); abduction/extension of arms and legs.
Quadruped tilting relevance	Maintain equilibrium without arm support; facilitate postural adjustments in all positions.
Standing tilting onset age	12-21 months
Standing tilting integration age	persists
Standing tilting stimulus	after positioning infant in standing, slowly raise one side of the supporting surface
standing tilting response	curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite to the pull of gravity); abduction/extension of arms and legs.
standing tilting relevance	Maintain equilibrium without arm support, facilitate postural adjustments in all positions.

Created by: jkunik

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