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Reflexes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Rooting onset age | 28 weeks gestation |
| Rooting integration age | 3 months |
| Rooting stimulus | stroke the corner of the mouth, upper lip, and lower lip |
| Rooting response | Movement of the tongue, mouth, and/or head toward the stimulus |
| Rooting relevance | allows searching for and locating feeding source |
| Suck-swallow onset age | 28 weeks gestation |
| Suck-swallow integration age | 2-5 months |
| Suck-swallow stimulus | Place examiners index finger inside infant's mouth with head in midline. |
| Suck-swallow response | Strong, rhythmical sucking |
| Suck-swallow relevance | allows ingestion of nourishment |
| Traction onset age | 28 weeks gestation |
| Traction integration age | 2-5 months |
| Traction stimulus | grasp infant's forearms and pull-to-sit. |
| Traction response | complete flexion of upper extremities |
| Traction relevance | Enhances momentary reflexive grasp |
| Moro Reflex onset age | 28 wks gestation |
| Moro Reflex integration age | 4-6 months |
| Moro Reflex Stimulus | rapidly drop infant's head backward |
| Moro Reflex Response | first phase: arm extension/abduction, hand opening Second phase: arm flexion and adduction |
| Moro Reflex Relevance | facilitates ability to depart from dominant flexor posture: protective response. |
| Plantar Grasp onset age | 28 wks gestation |
| Plantar Grasp integration age | 9 months |
| Plantar Grasp stimulus | apply pressure with thumb on the infant's ball of the foot |
| Plantar grasp response | toe flexion |
| Plantar grasp relevance | increases tactile input to sole of foot |
| Galant onset age | 32 wks gestation |
| Galant integration age | 2 months |
| Galant stimulus | hold infant in prone suspension, gently scratch or tap alongside the spine with finger from shoulders to buttocks |
| Galant Response | lateral trunk flexion and wrinkling of the skin on the stimulated side |
| Galant Relevance | facilitates lateral trunk movements necessary for trunk stabilization |
| Asymmetric tonic neck onset age | 37 wks gestation |
| Asymmetric tonic neck integration | 4-6 months |
| Asymmetric tonic neck stimulus | fully rotate infant's head and hold for 5 seconds |
| Asymmetric tonic neck response | extension of extremeties on the face side, flexion of extremities on the skull side |
| Asymmetric tonic neck relevance | promotes visual hand regard |
| Palmer grasp onset age | 37 wks gestation |
| palmer grasp integration age | 4-6 months |
| palmer grasp stimulus | place examiner's finger in infant's palm |
| palmer grasp response | finger flexion; reflexive grasp |
| palmer grasp relevance | increases tactile input on the palm of the hand |
| Tonic labyrinthine-supine onset age | >37 wks gestation |
| Tonic labyrinthine-supine integration age | 6 months |
| Tonic labyrinthine-supine stimulus | place infant in supine |
| Tonic labyrinthine-supine response | increased extensor tone |
| Tonic labyrinthine-supine relevance | facilitates total-body extensor tone |
| Tonic labyrinthine-prone onset age | >37 wks gestation |
| Tonic labyrinthine-prone integration age | 6 months |
| Tonic labyrinthine-prone stimulus | place infant in prone |
| Tonic labyrinthine-prone response | increased flexor tone |
| Tonic labyrinthine-prone relevance | facilitates total-body flexor tone |
| Labyrinthine/optical (head) righting onset | birth- 2months |
| Labyrinthine/optical (head) righting integration | persists |
| Labyrinthine/optical (head) righting stimulus | hold infant suspended vertically and tilt slowly (about 45 degrees) to the side, forward, or backward |
| Labyrinthine/optical (head) righting response | upright positioning of the head |
| Labyrinthine/optical (head) righting relevance | orients head in space; maintains face vertical |
| Landau onset age | 3-4 months |
| Landau integration age | 12-24 months |
| Landau stimulus | hold infant in horizontal prone suspension |
| Landau response | complete extension of head, trunk, and extremities |
| Landau relevance | breaks up flexor dominance; facilitates prone extension |
| Symmetric tonic neck onset age | 4-6 months |
| Symmetric tonic neck integration age | 8-12 months |
| symmetric tonic neck stimulus | place infant in the crawling position and extend the head |
| symmetric tonic neck response | flexion of hips and knees |
| symmetric tonic neck relevance | breaks up total extensor posture; facilitates static quadruped position |
| Neck righting on the body (NOB) onset | 34 wks gestation |
| Neck righting on the body (NOB)integration | 4-5 months |
| Neck righting on the body (NOB)stimulus | place infant in supine and fully turn head to one side |
| Neck righting on the body (NOB)response | log rolling of the entire body to maintain alignment with the head |
| Neck righting on the body (NOB)relevance | first ambulation effort |
| Body Righting (BOB) onset | 34 wks gestation |
| Body Righting (BOB) integration | 4-6 months |
| Body Righting (BOB) stimulus | flex one limb over the chest and rotate the limb across the body |
| Body Righting (BOB) response | infant’s upper body will follow the pelvis in a log roll |
| Body Righting (BOB) Relevance | assists child in rolling between supine and prone |
| Downward parachute (protective extension downward) onset age | 4 months |
| Downward parachute (protective extension downward) integration age | persists |
| Downward parachute (protective extension downward) stimulus | rapidly lower infant toward supporting surface while suspended vertically |
| Downward parachute (protective extension downward) response | extension of the lower extremities |
| Downward parachute (protective extension downward) relevance | allows accurate placement of lower extremities in anticipation of a surface. |
| Forward parachute (protective extension foward) onset age | 6-9 months |
| Forward parachute (protective extension foward) integration age | persists |
| Forward parachute (protective extension foward)stimulus | suddenly tip infant forward toward supporting surface while vertically suspended |
| Forward parachute (protective extension foward)response | sudden extension of the upper extremities, hand opening, and neck extension |
| Forward parachute (protective extension foward)relevance | allows accurate placement of UEs in anticipation of supporting surface to prevent a fall. |
| Sideward parachute (protective extension sideward) onset age | 7 months |
| Sideward parachute (protective extension sideward) integration age | persists |
| Sideward parachute (protective extension sideward) stimulus | quickly but firmly tip infant off-balance to the side while in the sitting position |
| Sideward parachute (protective extension sideward) response | arm extension and abduction to the side |
| Sideward parachute (protective extension sideward) relevance | protects body to prevent a fall; supports body for unilateral use of opposite arm. |
| Backward parachute (protective extension backward) onset age | 9-10 months |
| Backward parachute (protective extension backward) integration age | persists |
| Backward parachute (protective extension backward) stimulus | quickly but firmly tip infant off-balance backward |
| Backward parachute (protective extension backward) response | backward arm extension or arm extension to one side |
| Backward parachute (protective extension backward) relevance | protects body to prevent a fall; unilaterally facilitates spinal rotation. |
| Prone tilting onset age | 5 months |
| Prone tilting integration age | persists |
| Prone tilting stimulus | after positioning infant in prone, slowly raise one side of the supporting surface |
| Prone tilting response | curving of the spine toward the raised side(opposite to the pull of gravity) abduction/extension of arms and legs. |
| Prone tilting relevance | maintain equilibrium without arm support, facilitate postural adjustments in all positions. |
| Supine tilting and sitting tilting onset age | 7-8 months |
| Supine tilting and sitting tilting integration age | persists |
| Supine tilting and sitting tilting stimulus | after positioning infant in supine or sitting, slowly raise one side of the supporting surface. |
| Supine tilting and sitting tilting response | curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite to the pull of gravity), abduction/extension of arms and legs. |
| Supine tilting and sitting tilting relevance | maintain equilibrium without arm support; facilitate postural adjustments in all positions |
| Quadruped tilting onset age | 9-12 months |
| Quadruped tilting integration age | persists |
| Quadruped tilting stimulus | after positioning infant on all fours, slowly raise on side of the supporting surface. |
| Quadruped tilting response | curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite to the pull of gravity); abduction/extension of arms and legs. |
| Quadruped tilting relevance | Maintain equilibrium without arm support; facilitate postural adjustments in all positions. |
| Standing tilting onset age | 12-21 months |
| Standing tilting integration age | persists |
| Standing tilting stimulus | after positioning infant in standing, slowly raise one side of the supporting surface |
| standing tilting response | curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite to the pull of gravity); abduction/extension of arms and legs. |
| standing tilting relevance | Maintain equilibrium without arm support, facilitate postural adjustments in all positions. |
Created by:
jkunik