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Chapter 13
World History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Aztec Empire | Central American empire constructed by the Mexica and expanded greatly during the fifteenth century during the reigns of Itzcoatl and Motecuzoma I. |
| Benin | a kingdom that arose near the Niger River delta in the 1300s and became a major West African state in the 1400s |
| Christopher Columbus | Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506) |
| "chosen women" | beautiful young girls chosen to be trained by the government |
| Seizure of Constantinople | Constantinople, the capital and almost the only outpost left of the Byzantine Empire, fell to the army of the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II "the Conqueror" in 1453, and event that marked the end of Christian Byzantium. |
| "firestick farming" | systematic and purposeful use of fire to reshape landscapes in ways that made them more productive and convenient for people. |
| Fulbe | West Africa's largest pastoral society, whose members gradually adopted Islam and took on a religious leadership role that lead to the creation of a number of new states. |
| Vasco da Gama | Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route. |
| Huitzilopochtli | Aztec tribal patron god; central figure of cult of human sacrifice and warfare; identified with old sun god |
| Hundred Years War | Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families. |
| Igbo | an ethnic group of Nigeria that lived in the southwest region for thousands of years. Known for metalworking, weaving, and carving. |
| Inca Empire | Empire in Peru. conquered by Pizarro, who began an empire for the Spanish in 1535 |
| Iroquois League of Five Nations | 5 of the largest Iroquois tribes joined together to create a strong group to stop warfare and work together |
| Malacca | Port city in the modern Southeast Asian country of Malaysia, founded about 1400 as a trading center on the Strait of Malacca. Also spelled Melaka. (p. 387) |
| Mexica | What the Aztecs called themselves, they migrated from the north, reaching the Valley of Mexico in the 1200s AD. |
| Ming dynasty | the imperial dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 |
| Mughal Empire | Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. |
| Nezahualcoyotl | Aztec poet-king, ended some brutal sacrificial practices |
| Ottoman Empire | Centered in Constantinople, the Turkish imperial state that conquered large amounts of land in the Middle East, North Africa, and the Balkans, and fell after World War I. |
| Paleolithic persistence | The continuance of gathering and hunting societies in substantial areas of the world despite millennia of agricultural advance |
| Pochteca | Special merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items |
| European Renaissance | The era was marked by a revival of the art, architecture, thought, and culture of ancient Greece and Rome. |
| Safavid Empire | Iranian kingdom (1502-1722) established by Ismail Safavi, who declared Iran a Shi'ite state. |
| Songhay Empire | Portion of Mali after that kingdom collapsed around 1500; this empire controlled Timbuktu. |
| Tenochtitlan | Capital of the Aztec Empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco. Its population was about 150,000 on the eve of Spanish conquest. Mexico City was constructed on its ruins. (p. 305) |
| Timbuktu | City on the Niger River in Mali; major terminus of the trans-Saharan trade and center of Islamic learning |
| Timur | Mongolian ruler of Samarkand who led his nomadic hordes to conquer an area from Turkey to Mongolia (1336-1405) |
| Triple Alliance | Alliance between Germany, Italy, Austria Hungry |
| Yongle | Reign period of Shu Di |
| Zheng He | An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa. |
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