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Intro Phys Chem #1
Intro Phys Chem
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Science | "the experimental investigation and explanation of natural phenomena" |
| Technology | the application of scientific knowledge |
| Chemistry | the study of matter and the transformations it undergoes |
| Matter | "stuff"; anything that has mass and occupies space |
| Pure Substance | only a single type of matter is present |
| Mixtures | occur when two or more pure substances substances are intermingled with each other |
| Homogeneous Mixture (Solution) | mixtures in which the composition of the mixture is identical throughout |
| Heterogeneous Mixture | a mixture that's composition is not the same throughout |
| Atom | the smallest possible piece of an element |
| Elemental Substance | pure substance that is made from atoms of just one element |
| Compound | pure substances made from atoms of two or more different elements |
| Chemical Formula | indicates the number of atoms of each element that make up the smallest piece of that compound |
| Physical Transformation | transformation that leaves a substance as the same substance but in a different physical state |
| States of Matter | solid,liquid, and gas |
| Freezing | the change from a liquid to a solid |
| Melting | the change from a solid to a liquid |
| Vaporization | the change from a liquid to a vapor |
| Condensation | the change from a vapor to liquid state |
| Physical properties | characterize a pure substance's physical state and behavior |
| Sublimation | the change from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid state |
| Chemical Change (Chemical Transformation) | a change that causes a pure substance to become a different substance(s) |
| Chemical Properties | properties that can only be described when a pure substance undergoes a chemical change |
| Reactants | starting substances in a chemical reaction |
| Products | new substances formed during a chemical reaction |
| Chemical Reaction | the process that goes on during the conversion of reactants to products |
| Element | the basic building blocks of matter |
| Exact Number | a numerical value with no uncertainty; able to be counted |
| Measurement | use of tools to ascertain the numerical value |
| Precision | the closeness to one another of a series of measurements made on the same object |
| Accuracy | the closeness of the measured result to the true value |
| Leading Zeros | all the zeros that precede the first nonzero digit |
| Trailing Zeros | those that appear to the right of the last nonzero digit in the number |
| Scientific Notation | writing the numerical quantity as a number multiplied by 10 raised to an exponent |
| SI Units | Standardized international system of measurement used everywhere but the US. These include: meter, kilogram, second, kelvin, and mole. |
| Derived SI Units | Combinations of the base SI units. These include: cubic meter, pascal, joule, and coulomb. |
| Volume | Amount of space occupied by an object |
| Pico- (p) | one-trillionth (10^-12) |
| Nano- (n) | one-billionth (10^-9) |
| Micro- (μ) | one-millionth (10^-6) |
| Milli- (m) | one-thousandth (.001) |
| Centi- (c) | one-hundredth (.01) |
| Deci- (d) | one-tenth (.1) |
| Kilo- (k) | one thousand (1000) |
| Mega- (M) | one million (10^6) |
| giga- (G) | one billion (10^9) |
| Mass | quantity of matter in an object |
| Weight | strength of the gravitational force exerted on an object |
| Density | measure of the compactness of matter |
| Intensive Property | a property that does not depend on the amount of material |
| Extensive Property | a property that does depend on the amount present |
Created by:
smillner
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