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Quiz 1
Procedures II
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What projections should be taken when the elbow cannot be extended? | 2 parallel projections. One with forearm parallel to IR and the other with humerus parallel to IR |
| What do you do if the patient can only flex elbow 90 degrees? | Take 2 projections on with forearm parallel to Ir and the other with Humerus parallel to IR but angle CR 10-15 degrees into elbow joint. |
| What projection do you use if the elbow is flexed more than 90 degrees? | Acute flexion projection (jones method) |
| What structures are shown on the AP elbow when you have the forearm parallel to the IR? | proximal radius and ulna |
| What structures are shown on the AP elbow when you have the humerus parallel to the IR? | Distal Humerus |
| How can you tell if there is no rotation on the AP elbow? | epicondyles in profile,radial head and neck separated or only slightly superimposed over ulna on forearm parallel projection |
| What is another name for the Trauma Axial Lateral projections of the elbow? | Axial Lateromedial & Coyle Method |
| Why are the Trauma Axial lateral projections of the elbow taken? | Pathological processes or trauma to the area of the radial head and/or the coronoid process of the ulna when the patient cannot extend fully for medial or lateral obliques of the elbow |
| How do you position the part for the Coyle Method for the Radial Head? (Axial Lateromedial projections of the elbow) | Flex elbow 90 degrees, hand pronated |
| Where is the CR for the coyle method for the radial head? | 45 degree angle toward the shoulder, centered to radial head. |
| How do you position the part for the coyle Method for the Coronoid Process?? (Axial Lateromedial projections of the elbow) | Elbow flexed 80 degrees,hand pronated |
| Where is the Cr for the Coyle method for the Coronoid process? | 45 degrees from shoulder to mid elbow joint |
| What pathology is demonstrated on the Coyle method? | Fracture and dislocations of the elbow, particularly the radial head and coronoid process |
| What is the projection for the Trauma Humerus? | Horizontal beam Lateromedial projection |
| What is the patient position for the Lateromedial Trauma projection of the Humerus | Patient recumbent, beam horozontal, support under arm, place cassette between arm and thorax |
| What projection is required in addition to the transthoracic projection of the Humerus? | AP neutral rotation |
| Is the Erect or Supine position prefered for the Transthoracic Lateral Projection of the Humerus? | Erect |
| Where do you center for the Transthoracic Lateral projection of the Humerus? | Mid-Diaphysis |
| What is the required respiration for the Transthoracic Lateral projection of the Humerus? | Breathing Technique |
| What do you do on the Transthoracic Lateral Humerus projection if the patient cannot elevate uninjured arm or drop the injured shoulder? | angle CR 10-15 degrees cephalad |
| Where is the CR for the Transthoracic Lateral projection of the proximal humerus? | Surgical Neck |
| What is another name for the Transthoracic Lateral Projection of the Proximal humerus? | Lawrence Method |
| What does the Modified Axiolateral=possible Trauma projection :Hip and proximal Femur demonstrate? | assessment of possible Hip fracture or with arthroplasty when the patient has limited movement in both lower limbs and the inferior projection cannot be obtained |
| How much do you angle the CR for the Clements-Nakayama Method? | 15 degrees posterior |
| How much do you tilt the cassette for the Clements-Nakayama Method? | 15 degrees from vertical |
| What is another name for the Modified Axiolateral projection of the hip and proximal femur? | Clememnts-Nakayama Method |
| What structures are shown on the Clements-Nakayama Method? | Lateral oblique views of the acetabulum,femoral head and neck, and trochanteric area |
| Where is the lesser trochanter on the Clements-Nakayama Method? | posterior to femoral shaft |
| What structures are shown on the lateral position, horizontal beam cervical spine | Cervical vertebral bodies, intervertebral joint spaces, articular pillars, spinous processes and zygapophyseal joints |
| What does ORIF stand for? | Open reduction with internal fixation |
| What is ORIF? | When the fracture site is exposed and hardware is installed |
| When multiple exams are ordered in what order should you perform the projections? | All AP first and then all lateral projections to avoid moving the patient |
| What are the 5 basic principles of radiographic positioning? | Obtain 2 projections 90 degrees apart, Whenever possible the projections should be AP or PA and lateral, angle the part, the CR, or the IR to avoid any interfering objects, Mainttain CR-part-IR Alignment & include the entire structure in the exam |
| Why should you obtain 2 projections 90 degrees apart? | It provides information in 3 dimensions (height,width and depth |
| How do you adjus the technique for a small to medium plaster cast? | Increase mAs 50-60% or +5-7 kVp |
| How do you adjust the technique for a large plaster cast? | Increase mAs 100% or +8-10 kVp |
| How do you adjust technique for a fiberglass cast? | increase mAs 25%-30% or +3-4kv |
| How is the CR angled for an AP Oblique Sternum? | 15-20 degrees mediolaterally |
| Where is the IR placed for an AP Oblique Sternum? | 1- 1 1/2" above jugular notch |
| Where is the CR for the lateral Sternum? | Horizontal beam, to midsternum |
| What is the breathing technique for the QP Sternum? | Breathing Technique |
| What is the breathing technique for the lateral sternum? | insperation |
| Whhere is the CR for the AP 2 view Elbow? | PP to the interepicondylar plane |
| Where is the CR for the lateral elbow? | Parallel to the interepicondylar plane |
| How much do you flex the elbow for the oblique Elbow (Coyle Method) for the Radial Head? | 90 degrees |
| Where is the CR for the oblique elbow (coyle Method) for the Radial Head? | 45 degrees toward shoulder |
| What is the Obliqu elbow (Coyle Method) for the Radial Head similar to? | Lateral External rotation oblique |
| How much do you flex the elbow for the oblique elbow (Coyle Method) for the Coronoid process? | 80 degrees |
| Where is the CR for the oblique elbow (coyle Method) for the Coronoid Process? | 45 degrees from shoulder |
| What is the Oblique elbow (Coyle Method) for the Coronoid process similar to? | Medial internal rotation oblique |
| What is another name for the Lateral Proximal Humerus? | Horizontal Beam Transthoracic Lateral |
| How can you avoid superimposition of the shoulders on the Transthoracic Lateral of the Proximal Humerus? | 10-15 cephalad angle |
| How much do you rotate the patient for the Lateral Scapular Y? | 25-30 degrees |
| Where is the CR for the Lateral Scapular Y? | parallel to scapular blade at mid scapula |
| How much do you angle the CR on a Trauma oblique of the foot? | 30-40 degrees lateromedially |
| What do you do if the patient cannot get their leg in a true AP position? | Place the CR parallel to the long axis of the foot |
| Why isnt there an angle on the lateromedial knee with the horizontal beam? | The epicondyles are parallel |
| What is the CR angle for the medial oblique knee? | 45 degrees lateromedial |
| What does the Medial Oblique knee demonstrate? | Fibular Head and neck |
| What is the Medial Oblique knee similar to? | Internal rotation |
| How is the grid places for the Medial Oblique knee? | crosswise to prevent grid cutoff |
| What is the Clements-Nakayama Method? | Lateral proximal Femur & Hip |
| When do you perform the Clements Nakayama? | When there is little movement of both hips |
| How much do you tilt the IR for the Clements Nakayama? | 15 degrees from vertical |
| How much do you angle the CR for the Clements Nakayama? | 15-20 degrees posteriorly mediolaterally so it is PP to the Femoral Neck |
| Where is the CR for the AP Trauma C-Spine? | Lower thyroid cartilage |
| What is the CR angulation for the Alternate AP Axial (c1-C2) | 35-40 degrees to mml just beneath mentum |
| What does the Alternate AP Axial (C1-C2) demonstrate? | Dens within the foramen Magnum |
| How much do you angle the CR for the AP Axila Cervical Obliques? | 45 degrees w/ 15 cephalad |
Created by:
Sukioshii