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W History 2 SOL
World History II 16th - 18th Century SOLReview
| Term/Questions | Definition/Answer |
|---|---|
| With its emphasis on reasoned observation and systematic measurement, the ___ ___ changed the way people viewed the world and their place in it. | scientific revolution |
| Name some of the pioneers of the scientific revolution? | Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei, Isaac Newton, William Harvey |
| Nicolaus Copernicus developed - | the heliocentric theory |
| Johannes Kepler discovered - | planetary motion |
| Galileo Galilei used the telescope to support - | the heliocentric theory |
| Isaac Newton discovered | the Laws of Gravity |
| William Harvey discovered - | circulation of the blood |
| What was the importance of the scientific revolution? | The emphasis on reason and systemic observation of nature. The formulation of the scientific method. The expansion of scientific knowledge. |
| When was the Age of Absolutism? | 16th, 17th, 18th centuries |
| What monarchies did the Age of Absolutism include? | monarchies of Louis XIV, Frederick the Great, and Peter the Great |
| The Age of Absolutism takes its name from a series of European monarchs who - | increased the power of their central governments. |
| What were some of the characteristics of absolute monarchies? | Centralization of power, Concept of divine right |
| Louis XIV was an absolute monarch in ____, and was known for - | France - Palace of Versailles as a symbol of royal power |
| Fredrick the Great was an absolute monarch in ___, and was known for | Prussian, - emphasis on military power |
| Peter the Great was an absolute monarch in ____, and was known for - | Russia - westernization of Russia |
| Political democracy rests on the principle that government derives power from - | the consent of the governed |
| The foundations of English freedoms included | the jury trial, the Magna Carta, and common law. |
| The Enlightenment stimulated religious - | tolerance |
| The Enlightenment fueled ___ ___ around the world. | democratic revolutions |
| Who were some Enlightenment thinkers? | Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Voltaire |
| Names the Enlightenment thinker and work: The state must have central authority to manage behavior . . . | Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan |
| Name the Enlightenment thinker and work: People are sovereign; monarchs are not chosen by God. | John Locke's Two Treaties on Government |
| Name the Enlightenment thinker and work: The best form of government includes a separation of powers. | Montesquieu's The Spirit of Laws |
| Name the Enlightenment thinker and work: Government is a contract between rulers and the people. | Jean-Jacques Rousseau's The Social Contract |
| Name the Enlightenment thinker: Religious toleration should triumph over religious fanaticism; separation of church and state | Voltaire |
| Political philosophies of the Enlightenment fueled revolution in: | the Americas and France |
| What are two American documents that incorporated Enlightenment ideas? | Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence. The U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights |
| The ideas of the Enlightenment and French participation in the American Revolution influenced the French people to view their government in new ways. As a result, the French: | overthrew the absolute monarchy, and a new government was established. |
| These ideas and examples of the American andthe French Revolutions influenced the people of ___ ___ to establish independent nations. | Latin America |
| Name two causes of the French Revolution | Influence of Enlightenment ideas, and Influence of the American Revolution |
| Name two events of the French Revolution | Storming of the Bastille and Reign of Terror |
| The French Revolution resulted in: | End of the absolute monarchy of Louis XVI and Rise of Napoleon |
| How did the French and American Revolutions influence Latin American independence movements? | Independence came to French, Spanish, and Portuguese colonies. Toussaint L'Overture - Haiti, Simon Bolivar - South America |
| The Enlightenment brought a new emphasis on ___ and ___ in the arts as artists borrowed heavily from classical Greece and Rome | order and balance |
| Then Enlightenment artists borrowed heavily from classical ____ and ____. | Greece and Rome |
| Inventions and innovations in technology stimulated trade and transportation during: | the Age of Reason |
| Name two Enlightenment composers | Johann Sebastian Bach - Composer and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Composer |
| The Enlightenment brought a new emphasis on ____ and ____ in arts as artists borrowed heavily from classical Greece and Rome | order and balance |
| The Enlightenment artists borrowed heavily from classical ____ and ____. | Greece and Rome |
| Inventions and innovations in technology stimulated trade and transportation during: | the Age of Reason |
| Name two Enlightenment composers | Johann Sebastain Bach - Composer and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Composer |
| :Name a painter of the Enlightenment | Eugene Delacroix - Painter |
| Name a philosopher of the Enlightenment | Voltaire |
| Name a novelist of the Enlightenment | Miguel de Cervantes |
| Enlightenment paintings depicted classical subjects, public events: | natural scenes, and living people (portraits). |
| A new form of literature that evolved during the Enlightenment was - | the novel (e.g. Cervantes' Don Quixote) |
| What improved technologies and institutions were important to European economices? | Technologies- All weather roads improved year-round transport and trade. New designs in farm tools increased productivity (agricultural revoluItion). Improvements in ship design lowered the cost of transport. |
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knunley