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Ch.1-3 vocab
vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Temperature | measurement of kinetic energy of atoms or molecules(degrees) |
| Absolute Zero | when all motion of atoms stop |
| Accuracy | how close a measured value is to the accepted value or target |
| Precision | how close a series of measurements |
| Percent Error | ratio of error to the accepted value |
| Percent Error(formula) | % error= [(experimental-accepted)/excepted]x100 |
| Matter | takes up space and has mass |
| Weight | measurement of matter and gravity (pounds) |
| Scientific Method(order) | 1. observation 2. hypothesis 3. experiment 4. theory 5. law |
| Observation | use of the senses |
| Quantitative | numeric |
| Qualitative | qualities |
| Hypothesis | testable prediction/statement |
| Experiment | used to test a hypothesis |
| Independent Value | what you change |
| Dependent Value | changes in response to independent value |
| Controlled Variable | standard in he experiment |
| Theory | describes why things happen |
| Law | describes how/what things happen, a fact of nature |
| Base Units | defined unit of measurement that's based on an object or event in the physical world |
| Derived Units | combination of base units |
| Scientific Notation | convenient way of writing very small or large #s |
| Density | measure of how packed an object is |
| Density(formula) | D=M/V |
| Substance | matter that has a uniform unchanging composition |
| Element | substance that cannot be separated into simpler substance |
| Compound | combination of 2+ elements, chemically combined |
| Mixture | combination of substances |
| Heterogeneous | not uniform mixture |
| Homogeneous | uniform mixture, constant composition |
| Physical Properties | characteristics that can be observed or measured w/out changing the sample's composition |
| Intensive Properties | independent of the amount of substance presnt |
| Chemical Properties | ability of a substance to combine w/or change into 1+ substances |
| Flamability | ability to burn |
| Reactivity | how easily a substance combines chemically with other substances |
| Solid | Particles- close, orderly Shape- fixed Volume- fixed |
| Liquid | Particles- loose, random Shape- changes Volume- fixed |
| Gas | Particles- fast, random, spaced out Shape- changes Volume- Changes |
| Plasma | ionized gas w/enough energy to have free electrons |
| Physical Changes | altering a substance w/out changing its composition |
| Chemical Changes | process where 1+ substance changes into a new substance |
| Evidence of a chemical reaction? | -gas produced -color change -change in smell -light produced -temp change |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | mass is neither created nor destroyed |
| Filtration | separation based on particle size |
| Distillation | separation based on boiling points |
| Crystallization | formation of solid particles from a solution |
| Chromatography | separation based on particle size |
Created by:
studyingat
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