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Ch.1-3 vocab

vocab

TermDefinition
Temperature measurement of kinetic energy of atoms or molecules(degrees)
Absolute Zero when all motion of atoms stop
Accuracy how close a measured value is to the accepted value or target
Precision how close a series of measurements
Percent Error ratio of error to the accepted value
Percent Error(formula) % error= [(experimental-accepted)/excepted]x100
Matter takes up space and has mass
Weight measurement of matter and gravity (pounds)
Scientific Method(order) 1. observation 2. hypothesis 3. experiment 4. theory 5. law
Observation use of the senses
Quantitative numeric
Qualitative qualities
Hypothesis testable prediction/statement
Experiment used to test a hypothesis
Independent Value what you change
Dependent Value changes in response to independent value
Controlled Variable standard in he experiment
Theory describes why things happen
Law describes how/what things happen, a fact of nature
Base Units defined unit of measurement that's based on an object or event in the physical world
Derived Units combination of base units
Scientific Notation convenient way of writing very small or large #s
Density measure of how packed an object is
Density(formula) D=M/V
Substance matter that has a uniform unchanging composition
Element substance that cannot be separated into simpler substance
Compound combination of 2+ elements, chemically combined
Mixture combination of substances
Heterogeneous not uniform mixture
Homogeneous uniform mixture, constant composition
Physical Properties characteristics that can be observed or measured w/out changing the sample's composition
Intensive Properties independent of the amount of substance presnt
Chemical Properties ability of a substance to combine w/or change into 1+ substances
Flamability ability to burn
Reactivity how easily a substance combines chemically with other substances
Solid Particles- close, orderly Shape- fixed Volume- fixed
Liquid Particles- loose, random Shape- changes Volume- fixed
Gas Particles- fast, random, spaced out Shape- changes Volume- Changes
Plasma ionized gas w/enough energy to have free electrons
Physical Changes altering a substance w/out changing its composition
Chemical Changes process where 1+ substance changes into a new substance
Evidence of a chemical reaction? -gas produced -color change -change in smell -light produced -temp change
Law of Conservation of Mass mass is neither created nor destroyed
Filtration separation based on particle size
Distillation separation based on boiling points
Crystallization formation of solid particles from a solution
Chromatography separation based on particle size
Created by: studyingat
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