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Pleural activity- area in which lungs are located Pleural membrane-divided into the visceral pleura and parietal pleura
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10-3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Diaphragm | located at the base of the chest cavity, this large dome shaped respiratory muscle separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. It contracts and flattens during inhalation, and it relaxes during exhalation |
| Pleural activity- area in which lungs are located Pleural membrane-divided into the visceral pleura and parietal pleura | visceral- is directly attached to the surface of each lung. parietal- lines the walls of the thorax. W/i the parietal fluid fills the gap b/t visceral/parietal areas and surrounds lungs. It reduces friction b/t lung/chest wall during breathing |
| what is the function of the epiglottis | obstruct the trachea automatically when swallowing takes place to keep food, liquid, and saliva from entering the airway |
| how much mucous is produced by the body each day | more than 125 mL (1/2 cup) of mucous daily |
| enables the body to extract oxygen from the atmosphere during inhalation and to remove carbon dioxide from the body during exhalation | the lungs |
| antituberculosis agents | isoniazid, MYAMBUTOL-ethambutol, pyrazinamide, RIFANDIN-rifampin, STREPTOMYCIN-streptomycin |
| Long-acting bronchodilator/ steroid inhaler (combination) | SYMBICORT-budesonide/formoterol, ADVAIR DISKUS- fluticasone/salmeterol |
| Leukotriene Inhibitors | SINGULAIR-montelukast |
| Corticosteroids- nasal inhaler | NASONEX-mometasone, RHINOCORT-budesonide, FLONASE-fluticasone |
| Corticosteroids- respiratory inhaler | AZMACORT-triamcinolone, FLOVENT DISKUS/ FLOVENT HFA- fluticasone |
| Bronchodilators | PROVENTIL HFA- albuterol, VENTOLIN HFA-albuterol, ADRENALIN-epinephrine, ISUPREL-isoproterenol |
| Decongestants | oral decongestant SUDAFED- pseudoephedrine nasal decongestant- NEO-SYNEPHRINE- phenylephrine |
| Antitussive/ Expectorant combinations | HYCOTUSS- hydrocodone/guaifenesin, ROBITUSSIN DM- guaifenesin/dextromethorphan |
| Antitussive/ antihistamine combinations | TUSSIONEX- hydrocodone/chlorpheniramine |
| Antitussives | DELSYM-dextromethorphan, TESSALON PERLES-benzonatate |
| Second generation antihistamines | ALLEGRA-D - fexofenadine/pseudoephedrine CLARITIN-D 12/24 hr- loratadine/ pseudoephedrine |
| Antihistamine/decongestant combinations | contain pseudoephedrine |
| Antihistamines | ALLEGRA-fexofenadine, BENADRYL-diphenhydramine, CHLOR-TRIMETON-chlorpheniramine, CLARITIN-loratadine, ZYRTEC-cetirizine |
| Prophylaxis | treatment given before an event or exposure to prevent the occurrence of a condition or symptom |
| Productive Cough | a cough that expectorates mucous secretions from the respiratory tract |
| Nonproductive cough | a cough that does not produce mucous secretions from the respiratory tract |
| Expectorant | a drug that helps remove mucous secretions from the respiratory system; it lossens and thins sputum and bronchial secretions for ease of expectoration. |
| Decongestant | an adrenergic drug that reduces swelling of the mucous membranes by constricting dilated blood vessels; decongestants reduce blood flow to nasal tissues, thus reducing nasal congestions |
| Antipyretic | a drug that reduces or prevents fever |
| Analgesic | A drug that reduces or eliminates pain |
| several casues of hearing impairment or complete loss | aging (normal process), Heredity (genetic), Infections (bacterial or viral), Loud noises (music or machinery), medications(aminoglycosides), trauma (blunt trauma) |
| What conditions affect the quality of hearing | infections, earwax accumulation, damage to the eardrum, and genetic defects |
| ear is composed of what three major sections | external, middle and inner ear |
| what is the human ear responsible for side from hearing | balance, equilibrium, and many communication skills |
| glaucoma | group of opthalmic disorders characterized by high intraocular pressure (IOP) that can damage the optic nerve |
| conjunctivitis | contagious condition also known as pinky eye. is is an acute inflammation of the conjunctiva that is caused by viruses, bacteria, fungus or allergies |
| AU | both ears |
| AS | left ear |
| AD | right ear |
| OU | both eyes |
| OS | left eye |
| OD | right eye |
| why is it important to keep eye solutions sterile | because foreign objects instilled into eyes can cause damage or infection |
| how many muscles are responsible for eye movement? | six major muscles of the eye extend from the skeletal bones of the orbit |
| the lacrimal gland | is located within the orbit; it secretes tears into the eye and has ducts that lead into the nasal cavity |
| what is the difference between optometrists and opthalmologists? | optometrists are trained to perform eye exams and may prescribe medications for the eye wheras opthamologists are physicians who treat major conditions including performing eye surgery |
| opthalm/o | eye |
| blephar/o | eyelid |
| sympathomimetics | ALPHAGAN P- brimonidine |
| Prostaglandin agonists | XALATAN-latanoprost |
| Immunologic agent | RESTASIS- cyclosporine |
| Corticosteroids | DECADRON-dexamethasone, PRED FORTE- prednisolone |
| cholinergics | PILOCAR- pilocarpine |
| Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors | DIAMOX- acetazolamide, TRUSOPT-dorzolamide |
| beta adrenergic blocking agents | BETOPTIC-betaxolol, OCUPRESS-carteolol |
| combination antihistamine/ mast cell stabilizer for allergic conjunctivitis | PATANOL- olopatadine |
| antiinflammatory | OCUFEN-flurbiprofen |
| mast cell stabilizer | ALAMAST- pemirolast |
| Adrenergic agonists | PROPINE-dipivefrin, ALPHAGAN P- brimonidine |
| anticholinergics | MYDRIACYL- tropicamide |
| otic | pertaining to the ear |
| opthalmic | pertaining to the eye |
| Mydriasis | dilation of the pupil |
| cataract | loss of transparency of the lens of the eye |
| spacers- may be used within certain inhalers. manufactured tubes that attach to the inhaler and have a one-way valve to allow pt to inhale, not exhale into the device, allowing more of the drug to reach the lungs | Examples: Aerochamber, Optichamber, Prochamber, Vortex. Some inhalers have incorporated spacers into their medication devices, sich as triamcinolone and flunisolide HFA |
| Benadryl | -diphenhydramine. OTC antihistamine. Use: coughs cause by colds or allergies |
| Rhinitis | is irritation and inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the nasal passage caused by several different factors- colds, influenza, allergens, air pollution, strong odors (such as perfume, chemicals, medications) |
| H1N1 (swine flu) | newer type of influenza that is being followed closely by the CDC |
| OTC decongestants | SUDAFED- pseudoephedrine. used for nasal congestion. SUDAFED PE (oral) NEO-SYNEPHRINE (nasal) phenylephrine also used for nasal congestion |
| Nasal decongestants (sympathomimetics) | Decongestants affect the adrenergic receptors of the vascular smooth muscle, causing vasoconstriction and a decrease in mucous production. |
| Robitussin | guaifenesin. Class: OTC expectorant |
| Delsym | dextromethorphan. Class: antitussive (reduces coughing) |
| Robitussin DM | guaifenesin; dextromethorphan. Class: antitussive (reduces coughing) |
| common cold | an infection of the nasal passages and upper respiratory tract normally caused by a rhinovirus |
| average respiratory rate adult vs. child | the average respiratory rate for adults is 12-18 breaths per minute, whereas a childs rate is 40 breaths per minute |
| respiration- two distinct phases | inspiration- the movement of air into the lungs, expiration- movement of air out of the lungs. |
| Allergy | response of our immune system to an unrecognized substance |
| Antitussive | a drug that can decrease the coughing reflex of the central nervous system |
| Otitis media | an infection in the middle ear (earache) and often is associated with inflammation of the eustachian tube, which courses from the middle ear to the nasopharynx. |
| ototoxicity | certain medications can cause toxic levels of chemicals to accumulate in the cochlear hair cells, which may cause hearing damage known as ototoxicity. may or may not be permanent |
| many opthalmic agents particularly antibiotics and corticosteroids that are commonly prescribed for ear treament. This is acceptable why? | because the opthalmic preparations are sterile and can be used in the ear. However otic preparations cannot be used in the eye because they are not sterile and the patient may injure the eye |
| antiinfectives | aminoglycoside- TOBREX-tobramycin, antifungal- NATACYN-natamycin, antiviral- VIRA-A - vidarabine, fluoroquinolone opthalmic OCUFLOX- ofloxacin, Macrolide ILOTYCIN-erythromycin, sulfonamide BLEPH-LO- sulfacetamide, other POLYTRIM- polymyxin B/trimethoprim |
Created by:
melissa.naugle