What does COPD stand for?

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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Respiratory Review

Respiratory Review for Test

Question	Answer
The uppermost portion of the lung is called?	apex
The space between the lungs in the chest	mediastinum
The medical term for a condition of decreased oxygen in the blood is called?	hypoxemia
With this position breathing is easier in an upright position is called?	orthopnea
The collection of pus in the pleural cavity is called?	pyothorax
Using sharp, short blows to the surface of the chest is called?	percussion
This acute viral infection in infants and children causes "stridor" occurs in which upper respiratory disorder is called?	croup
The medical term used to describe difficulty breathing is called	dyspena
This bronchial airway obstruction marked by paroxysmal dyspnea, wheezing, and coughing is called?	asthma
The medical term to describe a collapsed lung is called?	atelectasis
The medical term used to describe the incomplete expansion of the lung is called?	atelectasis
The medical term used to describe material thst is expelled from the lungs is called?	expectoration
This respiratory condition is localized area of pus formation in the lungs is called?	pulmonary abscess
The medical term for a pt that is spitting up blood from the lungs is called?	hemoptysis
This respiratory airway obstruction associated with emphysema and chronic bronchitis is called?	COPD
What does COPD stand for?	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
The visual examination with a scope to view the bronchioles would be called a _____?	bronchoscopy
This respiratory conditon with high carbon dioxide levels in the blood is called?	hypercapnia
The branches of the windpipe that lead into the lungs are the called?	bronchi
The small air sacs of the lung are called ?	alveoli
The middle region where bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs is the ?	hilum
The medical term used for the voice box is called?	larynx
These thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane lining the respiratory tract aid with movement?	cilia
These air-containing cavities in the bones around the nose are (called) the?	paranasal sinuses
This lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the voice box is called?	epiglottis
This respiratory condition hyperinflation of air sacs with the destruction of alveolar walls is called?	emphysema
This respiratory conditon that causes inflammation of tubes leading from the trachea (over a long period of time)	chronic bronchitis
This respiratory condition with spasm and narrowing of bronchi leading to airway obstruction?	asthma
The lung or portion of a lung that has collapsed is called?	atelectasis
This respiratory condition is an inherited disease of the exocrine glands, leading to airway obstruction is called?	cystic fibrosis
This procedure chest wall is punctured with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural space is called?	thoracentisis
A patient with an opening into the trachea through the neck to establish an airway is called?	tracheostomy
This is a procedure of taking x-rays after constrast is injected into blood vessels of the lungs is called ?	pulmonary angiography
This involuntary contraction of the bronchial tube muscles in the lungs is called?	bronchospasm
The dilation of bronchial tubes in the lungs is called?	bronchiectasis
A substance that widens the bronchial tubes in the lungs is called?	bronchodilator
The respiratory condition that causes inflammation of bronchioles in the lungs is called?	bronchiolitis
A patient has been exposed to excessive carbon dioxide and shows up in the blood is called?	hypercapnia
The bluish coloration of the skin is found mainly with patient that have broncitsis	cyanosis
The removal of a lobe of the lung is called?	lobectomy
A tube placed from the nose into stomach is called?	nasogastric tube
A patient with breathing discomfort in any position except when sitting straight up is called?	orthopnea
When you have a deficiency of oxygen due to decreased oxygen in blood is called?	hypoxia
The expulsion of material (mucus or phlegm)from the lungs is called?	exporation
This respiratory condition that has air within the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs is called?	pneumothorax
This respiratory conditon when fluid collects in the pleural cavity is called?	pleural effusion
The expulsion of air from the lungs is called?	expiration
The medical term used to describe normal breathing is called?	respiration
The medical term used to describe when pus is found in the pleural cavity is called?	empyema
The medical term used to describe when a patient has stopped breathing is called?	apnea
The medical term used to describe when a patient has difficulty breathing is called?	dyspnea
The medical term used to describe when a patient increase in their depth of breathing is called?	hyperpnea
The medical term used to describe when a patient increase in their rate of breathing is called?	tachypnea
decrease in oxygen & increase in CO2 in blood - no pulse	asphyxia
The medical term used to describe when a patient has blood in the pleural cavity is called?	hemothorax
The medical term used to describe when a patient has pus found in pleural cavity is called?	pyothorax
This technic is listening to sounds within the body is called?	auscultation
The technis of tapping on surface of the body to determine density differences is called?	percussion
During auscultation the scratchy sound heard by pleural surfaces is called?	pleural rub
During auscultation the abnormal crackling sounds in alveoli is called?	rales
The material expelled from chest while coughing is called?	sputum
The medical term used to describe when sputum contains pus is called?	purulent
During auscultation a strained, high-pitched sound on inspiration is heard?	stridor
The term used to describe swelling and fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles in the lungs is called?	pulmonary edema
When a blood clot in the vessels of lung is called?	pulmonary embolism (PE)
The formation of scar tissue in connective tissue of th lungs is called?	pulmonary fibrosis
The abnormal accumulation of fluid in pleural space is called?	pleural effusion
The inflammation of the pleura space that causes pain is called?	pleurisy (pleuritis)
The term used to describe the collection of air in pleural space is called?	pneumothorax
adult respiratory distress syndrome	ARDS
The process of bringing O2 in and getting rid of CO2 is called?	respiration
The main organs of gas exchange is called?	lungs
These trache branches into 2 tubes _________ which send air to lungs ic called?	bronchus
In the lungs,the bronchi branch into many tubes and the smallest are called?	bronchiole
At the end of each bronchiole is many air sac that are called__________ which is site for gas exchange.	alveolus
The movement of rib muscles and ______________ pull air into lungs and push air out is called?	diaphragm
The sheet of muscle that seperates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity and aids with breathing is called?	diaphragm
The breathing rate is controlled by the brain stem that detects an increase of what in the blood?	CO2
This viral upper respiratory infection is called?	influenza
The inflammation of the lungs is called?	pneumonia
This chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by airway obstruction caused by edema, bronchoconstriction, and increased mucus production is called?	asthma
This chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection in the lower lobes of the lung is called?	bronchiectasis
The inflammation of the bronchi persisting over a long time is called?	chronic bronchitis
This acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction is called?	pneumonia
This inherited disorder of the exorine glands resulting in thick, mucous secretions that do not drain normally is called?	cystic fibrosis
This abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs with chronic inflammation, infection and bronchitis is called?	pneumoconiosis
The incomplete expansion of alveoli;collapased, functionless airless lung or portion of the lung is called?	atelectasis
This hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls is called?	emphysema
This respiratory disease characterized by paroxysms of coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath is called?	asthma
This group of disorders that are almost always a result of smoking that obstructs bronchial flow. One or more: emphysema, chronic bronchitis, bronchospasm, and bronchioliti	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
A serious cardiac disease associated with chronic lung disorders, such as emphysema that affects the right side of the heart?	cor pulmonale
This hereditary disorder of infants and children characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract is called?	cystic fibrosis
This stretching of lung tissue caused by the alveoli becoming distended and losing elasticity is called?	emphysema
This highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a virus (flu) is called?	influenza
A lobar pneumonia caused by the bacterium 'Legionella pneumophila'	Legionnaire's disease
The escape of fluid into the pleural space as a result of inflammation is called?	pleural effusion
A pneumonia caused by 'P. carinii' a fungus is cmaily found with what type of patients?	Aids
When fluid accumulation is in the alveoli and bronchioles is called?	pulmonary edema
When foreign matter, such as a blood clot, air, or fat clot,is carried in the blood by pulmonary artery, where it blocks circulation is called?	pulmonary embolism
This infectious disease, caused by an acid-fast bacillus, most commonly spread by inhalation of infected droplets,usually affecting the lungs is called?	tuberculosis (TB)
This infection of the pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi is called?	upper respiratory infection (URI)
This infectious disease usually in lungs / caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis is called?	tuberculosis / TB
The temporary cessation of breathing "without breathing" during sleep is a common form of this condition?	apnea
abnormally slow breathing	bradypnea
With this air hunger resulting in labored or difficult breathing, sometimes accompanied by pain. SOB	dyspnea
The medical term used when a patient has an abnormal rapidity breathing rate is called?	tachypnea
This chronic pulmonary disease cigarette smoking is a major cause with chronic obstruction of the inflow and outflow of air to the lungs	emphysema
This inflammation of both the visceral and parietal pleura of the lungs is called?	pleuritis (pleursy)
1. exercise induced 2. allergy related chronic	3 types of asthma
The obstruction of one or more pulmonary arteries by a thrombus(clot); most patients who die will do so in the first 2 hours after the embolism	pulmonary embolism
A collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity. thoracentesis will remove excess fluid or gas from the cavity is called?	pneumothorax
This inflammation of the lungs caused primarily by bacteria, viruses, and chemical irritants is called?	pneumonia
This accumulation of fluid in the pleural space is called?	pleural effusion
When dyspnea is caused by aspasm of the bronchial tubes is called?	asthma
This is an infectious disease caused by the tubercule bacillus and mycobacterium tuberculosis	tuberculosis
tests to assess respiratory function	pulmonary function tests
These hair-like projections in the lungs that move debris and microbes from the lungs is called?	cilia
The medical term used for normal breathing is called?	eupnea
The medical term used when a collection of blood in the chest cavity is called?	hemothorax
The medical term used when a collection of water found in the pleural cavity is called?	hydrothorax
The medicalterm used when a patient has an abnormal increase in depth and rate of respiration is called?	hyperpnea
The medical term used when a patient has a condition of decreased oxygen is called?	hypoxia
The medical term used with a patient that has abnormal infrequent respiration is called?	oligopnea
The positon that a patient with a respiratory condition can only breath sitting up is called?	orthopnea
Where does the actual exchange of gas occur in the lungs?	alveoli
Oxygen passes from the ___ into the blood is called?	alveolus
The period when air flows into the lungs is called?	inspiration
The period when gases exit the lungs is called?	expiration
When the lung collapse,air enters the pleural cavity through a chest wounds, or a rupture of the visceral pleura which allows air to enters from the respiratory tract.	atelectasis
The presence of air in the intrapleural space; can be reversed by closing the "hole" & drawing air out of the intrapleural space with a chest tube allowing the lung to reinflate & resume its normal function is called?	pneumothorax
This detergen-like complex of lipids & proteins produced by the type II alveolar cells is called?	surfactant
This is the result of when blood circulation is impaired or blocked is called?	ischemic (stagnant) hypoxia
This reflects poor oxygen delivery resulting from too few RBCs or from too few RBC or from RBCs that contain abnormal or too little hemoglobin is called?	anemic hypoxia
This respiratory condition occurs when inadequate oxygen is delivered to body tissues is called?	hypoxia
This occurs when blody cells are unable to use oxygen even though adequate amounts are delivered is called?	histotixic hypoxia
This chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that causes the ERV to be dramatically reduced in conditions in which the elasticity of the lungs is decreased is called?	emphysema
Chronic bronchitis & asthma are example of what type of respiratory disorder?	obstructive
Airway resistance is increased which occurs during this type of respiratory disorders?	obstructive
Polio & tuberculosis are examples of this type of disease.	restrictive diseases
Total lung capacity declines during this type of respiratory disease?	restrictive disease
Obstructive disorders & restrictive pulmonary diseases use this test to help the clinician to distinguish between __&___	pulmonary function
Positioning the patient on a slant with the head down and the lower extremities positioned above to have gravity assist in drainage secretions is called?	postural drainage
The insertion of a tube into the chest to drain off fluid (chest tube)is called?	thoracostomy
Fowler's position is a position used in medicine where the head is raised above the feet.	fowlers position
Difficulty in breathing, often associated with lung or heart disease and resulting in shortness of breath	dyspnea
This lung has Less lobes(2)	Left
Oxygen-carbon dioxide is this type of exchange.	Diffusion
Bronchial contraction(asthma), Thickened mucosa(chronic bronchitis), Obstruction, Decreased lung elasticity(emphysema)	Causes r/t Increased airway resistance
Blood flow thru pulmonary circulation is called?	Pulmonary perfusion
Volume of air inhaled/exhaled w/each breath	Tidal volume
Main cause of hypoxia d/t Thoracic/Abd surgery & respiratory failure	Shunting
Sudden dyspnea r/t Immobilized Pt's	Pulmonary embolism
Orthopnea found in Pt's w/	Heart disease, COPD
Sputum production, Chest pain, Clubbing, Hemoptysis, Cyanosis	Respiratory disease
Acute vs. Chronic lung diseases r/t Dyspnea severity	Acute are more severe
Dyspnea w/expiratory wheeze	COPD
Wheezing r/t Asthma	Present during inspiration and expiration
Purulent sputum d/t	Bacterial infection
Frothy, pink sputum d	Pulmonary edema
Late indicator of hypoxia	Cyanosis
Barrel chest d/t	Emphysema
Pleuritic pain relief	Pt lies on effected side
Blood coughed from lung	Bright red, Frothy, Mixed w/sputum
Blood color from stomach	Hematemesis(vomited), Dark(coffee grounds)
Intracranial pressure & Brain injury r/t Breathing	Bradypnea
PaCO r/t Hyperventilation	Decreased levels
Hyperventilation r/t Severe acidosis	Kussmaul's respiration
Alternating episodes of apnea w/periods of deep and shallow breathing	Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Crackles(rales)usually heard during	Inspiration
Wheezes usually heard during	Expiration
a lipoprotein that lowers teh surface tension in the alveoli, reduces the amount of pressure needed to inflate the alveoli and decreases the tendency of alveoli to collapse	Surfactant
small sacs that form the functional unit of the lungs	Alveoli
provides the lungs with blood for gas exchange	Pulmonary circulation
provides oxygen to the bronchi and other pulmonary tissue	Bronchial circulation
a membrane that lines the chest cavity	Parietal pleura
the membrane that lines the lungs	Visceral pluera
the space between the pleural layers	Intrapleural space
provides lubrication, allowing the layers of the pleura to slide over each other during breathing; it increases cohesion between the pleural layers	What is the purpose of the intrapleural space
purulent pleural fluid with bacterial infection	Empyema
The major muscle of respiration	diaphragm
the tendency for the lungs to recoil after being stretched of expanded	Elastic recoil
How O2 and CO2 are moved back and forth across the alveolar capillary membrane	Diffusion
arterial oxygen tension	PaO2
The amount of oxygen disolved in the plasma	PaO2 represents what
arterial oxygen saturation	SaO2
The amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin in comparison with the amount of oxygen the hemoglobin can carry	SaO2 represents what
an abnormal deficiency in the concentration of oxygen in arterial blood	Hypoxemia
abnormally low oxygen availability to the body or an individual tissue or organ	Hypoxia
What is the first evidence of hypoxemia	apprehension, restlessness or irritability
The mechanism that stimulates the release of surfactant is	alveolar stretch from deep breathing
excess CO2 in the blood	Hypercapnia
These respiratory conditions can cause chest pain	pleurisy, fractured ribs, and costochondritis
sharp, stabbing pain associated with movement or deep breathing	Description of pleuritic pain
localised sharp pain asssociated with breathing	Description of fractured rib pain
along the the borders of the sternum and is associated with breathing	Description of costochondritis pain
abnormal patterns of respiration characterized by alternating periods of apnea and deep, rapid breathing	Cheyne-Stokes
Cyanosis is best observed where in dark-skinned people	conjuctiva, lips, palms, and soles of feet
Causes of cyanosis	hypoxemia or decreased cardiac output
an increase in the angle between the base of the nail and the fingernail - usually accompanied by sponginess of the end of the finger	Clubbing
What is normal tracheal position	midline
low-pitched sound heard over normal lungs	Resonance
loud, lower-pitched sound than normal resonance heard ofver hyperinflated lungs, such as in chronic obstructive lung disease and acute asthma	Hyperresonance
Drumlike, loud, empty quality heard over gas-filled stomach or intestines, or pneumothorax	Tympany
Medium-intensity pitch and duration heard over areas of "mixed" solid and lung tissue, such as over the top area of the liver, partially consolidated lung tissue (pneumonia) or fluid-filled pleural space	Dull
Soft, high-pitch sound of short duration heard over very dense tissue where air is not present	Flat
thin covering of alveoli that prevents collapsing	surfacant
thin moist serous membrane covering each lung	visceral pluera
thin , war, moist covening of the thoraic cavitity	parietal pluera
is air-tight and contain negative air pressure	plueral cavity
An inflammatory response to uncontrolled multiplication of microorganisms invading the lower respiratory tract	pneumonia
strep, hemophilus, influenza, staph	Community acquired pneumonia (CAP)
(nosocomial) ecoli, MRSA Centilator acquired pneumonia with in 48 hours of intubation	Hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP)
caused by gastric contents or oropharyngeal bacteria	aspiration pneumonia
dyspnea, fever chills, cough, purulent sputum, crackles, confusion and tachypnea, CBC, blood clutures, ABG's	S&S of pneumonia
edematous-mediators released, damaging alveolar capillary membrane	early phase of pneumonia
fibrotic and brittle lungs	late phase pneumonia
tachypnea, restlessness and apprehension, moderate increased work of breating, all worsening until resp failure develops	hypoxia
a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, hyperresponsiveness, variable ariway obstruction, resolves spontaneously or after using a bronchodilator	asthma
spirometry, pulmonary function testing	testing for asthma
upper resp tract infection, allergens, exercise, medication (b-blockers), food (sulfites), emotions	common triggers of asthma
severe attack failing to respond to rigorous conventional therapy with bronchodilators	status asthmaticus
clot lodges i nthe pulmonary arterial system disrupting blood flow to a region of the lungs	pulmonary embolism
where do most pulmonary embolisms arise from	deep leg veins
venous stasis, hypercoagulability, vein wall damage	predisposing factors to DVT
causes increased dead space, bronchoconstriction, resp failure, decrease in LV preload, decreased CO, decreased BP, shock	what happens with PE
dyspnea, sudden onset of pleuritic chest pain (worsens with breathing), cough, tachypnea, rales, tachycardia, sinus tachycardia	S&S of PE
compression stockings, SCD's, ambulation, hydration, anticoagulation, inferior vena cava filter	Prevention of PE
causes pressure on great vessels, heart and other lung, This compromises cardiac output, and resp function	tension pneumothorax
air enters the lung on inspiration but cannont get out on expiration so air builds up	tension pneumothorax
removeal of air or fluid from the pleural space, re-expand the collapsed lung, restore negative pressure to the pleural space	what are chest tubes used for
on a chest tube drain what do you want to set the water pressure to	20cm
what does the water seal chamber do	creates a seal between the thoraic cavity and the open environment
if there are bubbles in the water chamber what does that mean	there is air comming out of the lung or there is a leak in the connections
inhale slowly & deeply thru mouthpiece	incentive spirometer-How?
Progressively deeper breaths followed by shallower breaths with apneic periods	Cheyne-Stokes respirations:
rapid, deep breathing without pauses	Kussmaul's respirations
shallow breathing with increased respiration rate	Tachypnea is
Sign of difficulty breathing is	use of accessory muscles
chest pain & dyspnea; typical sign is: a cough with productive blood tinged sputum	Pulmonary embolism ss
In diaphragmatic breathing pt should exhale thru:	pursed lips to keep bronchioles open and prevent air trapping
In emphysema, the walls of the _______break down	alveoli
when the walls of the alveoli break down, you have less space for	gas exchange
In COPD, the bronchi or trachea, the ___might break down or be lost	cilia
sometimes emphysema patients use their______muscles to increase volume to a greater degree	accessory
sign of overuse of accessory muscles in copd patients	barrel chest
Asthma is similar to copd, how?	the airways are inflamed
asthma is _____to the irritant or to the trigger	hypersensivity
Asthma attach is caused by too much	inflammation, so we cannot have diffusion.
An inhaler opens up the	bronchial tubes
a new treatment for asthma is taking ____blockers	IGE blockers (antibody)
too much mucus production	Cystic Fibrosis
organs that show obvious effects of CF	pancreas and lungs
CF patients lack a _______enzyme	digestive
A very last symptom of CF	fungus can accumulate
CF patients are prone to	infections; lung transplant only cure
How many lobes and which side (lungs)	3 on the right and 2 on the left (because of the heart)
the molecule produced to prevent the alveoli from collapsing	surfactant
where does gas exchange take place in the lungs	capillary network
what pleura are actually on the lungs	visceraol
the space between the pleura holds	serous fluid
if you have more hydrogen ions (CO2 buildup) ; you would be	acidic
If you become acidic , this would be a drop in your	pH balance
Respiratory control does not occur as rapidly as	chemical buffering
Cell metabolism generates ____ which is eliminated from the body by the lungs	CO2
CO2 and water are constantly combining to form	carbonic acid
Inside RBC's the enzyme ________combines co2 with h2O to form ____________	Carbonic anhydrase; H2Co3 (carbonic acid)
An enzyme that converts carbondioxide and water into carbonic acid in a reversible reaction	carbonic anhydrase
H+ and HCO-3 (bicarbonite) are also constantly combining to form	carbonic acid
If the rate of respiration decreases or if the exchange of gases in the lungs is impaired, what happens to the co2 in the plasma?	CO2 increases; can't leave the plasma, and it builds up
If the rate of resp decreases, what will happen to the pH of the plasma	pH decreases; because H+ is being generated the plasma become more acidic and the pH decreases.
If the resp rate increases to above normal what happens to the co2 in the plasma	CO2 decreases; exhaled
common in underdeveloped countries, Mycobacterium TB, increased in HIV, multiple resistant strains, spread by air droplet	Tuberculosis
causes no symptoms and is not contagious, positive skin test, can become active later	TB latent infection
display symptoms, contagious, positive skin test	TB active infection
occurs outside the lung, kidneys, growth plates, lymphatics, bone marrow, widespread dissemination is known as miliary TB	extrapulmonary TB
cough (initial sx), fatigue, anorexia, wt loss, night sweats, low-grade fever, dyspnea, hemoptysis,dull or pleuritic chest pain,chest tightness, crackles	TB assessment
read in 48-72 hrs, > 5mm of induration positive for HIV & IV drug abusers, >10mm positive for all other high-risk groups, >15mm positive for low-risk groups	mantoux test
isniazid (on empty stomache), rifampin(orange pee)	TB induction phase meds (1st 2-4 months)
TB continuation phase meds (4-8 months after)	isoniazid, rifampin
new TB drug	rifater, combo of isoniazid, rifampin & pyrazinamide
closed to the atmospheric pressure,negative pressure system, remove air, serosanguineuos or blood fluid from plueral space, re-expand lung tissue, prevent mediastinal shift (which can compress the heart & blood vessels)	chest tube
pneumothorax, hemothorax, pleural effusion, post thoracotomy, post CABG, chylothorax	why are chest tubes inserted
bottle, pluer-evac, atriaseal, thora-seal	types of chest drainage systems
tidaling, bubbling, suction control: 10-20cm H2O (> 50 cm dangerous)	whater seal chamber
normal, rises with inspiration, falls with expiration	tidaling
intermittent-common after thoracotomy & clears with time, continuous is not normal (may be air leak)	bubbling
more than 20, 30-40 cm H2O pressure	wall suction
must always be below clients chest	chest tube drainage
creates pressure of -100cm H2O, can strip w/ MD orders	milking/stripping
> 100 cc/hr is surgical emergency, call MD, can be discontinued if drainage stops after 24 hrs	drainage volume
inspect insertion site, check dressing, briefly clamp tube & ask client to cough, if air leak still in chamber its the system if not its the pt	chest tube air leaks
positioning, dressing change, activity, monitor, assess pain	nursing management of chest tube
open sucking wound, hemothorax, hemoneumothorax, combined w/ abdomen, diaphragm, trachea & great vessel injuries	penetrating chest injuries
pneumothorax (tracheal shift away), hemothorax, diaphragm injury, aortic rupture, trachea/bronchus rupture, cardiac injury, fracture sternum, rib fracture	blunt chest injuries
presence of air in the plueral space, impairs complete lung expansion,	pneumothorax
puncture or tare internal respiratory structures, fractured rib most common cause, spontaneous rupture of internal structures	closed pneumothorax
sucking chest wound, accidents, surgical trauma	open pneumothorax
This emergency, with each inspiration air trapped in pleural space, medialstinum shift is called?	tension pneumothorax
blood in pleural space, >300cc for sx to occur	hemothorax
consists of 2 or more adjacent ribs on same side broken, flail section floats moving paradoxical w/ inspiration/expiration (see saw movement)	flail chest
tachypnea, dyspnea, abrasions, burns, asymmetrical chest expansion, accessory muscles, shallow breathing, pain w/inspiration, see saw movement	assessment of chest injuries
chest expansion, subq emphysema (rice crispies) decrease fremitus (movement of air) trachea displacement	palpation of chest injury
With this type of chest injury,the trachea displacement is away the injured side of the chest is called?	pneumothorax
With this type of chest injury,the trachea displacement is toward the injured side of the chest is called?	hemothorax
percussion of chest injury	tympany= pneumothorax, dull= hemothorax or rupture diaphragm
auscultation of chest injury	decrease breath sounds, absent breath sounds, bowel sounds heard in chest
nursing intervention for chest trauma	cough, deep breath, IS, pain meds, splinting, chest tube maintenance
ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome)	ischemia, toxins, sepsis, inflammation
In COPD _____ manifests with cyanotic, excessive sputum production.	Chronic Bronchitis
What is right sided heart failure called?	Cor Pulmonale
What is a long term side effect of COPD?	Cor Pulmonale
Hypoxia & hypoxemia, increasing dyspnea, fatigue, weakness, enlarged & tender liver, warm, cyanotic extremities with bounding pulse, cyanotic lips, JVD, R ventricular enlargement, Lower sternal or epigastric pulsations are all manifestations of ____?	Cor Pulmonale
Cyanotic lips, JVD, R ventricular enlargement, lower sternal/epigastric pulsations, GI disturbances i.e Nausea/anorexia, dependent edema, Pulmonary HTN, Metabolic & respiratory acidosis, Liver congestion are all manifestaions of ___?	Cor Pulmonale
Severe life threatening acute episode of airway obstruction that intensifies once it begins and often does not respond to common respiratory therapy is called?	status asthmaticus
When the results of 3 sputum cultures are negative, the cl is no longer infectious of what respiratory condition?	TB
Combination Isoniazid (INH)-throughout; Rifampin-throughout; Pyrazinamide-1st 2 months; Ethambutol or streptomycin-4th drug...	What are some of the TB drugs?
well ventilated room; don't shake sheets (airborne pathogen); health care workers wear N95 or HEPA respirator; and hand hygiene	What are the TB precautions in the hospital?
What is the term used to describe a hospital-acquired pneumonia?	Nosocomial

Created by: Nerd

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