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A&p chapter 10,11,12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the divisions of the nervous system? | Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system |
| What are the functions of the nervous system? | sensory,integrative,and motor |
| Touch,smell,hearing,seeing,and tasting are? | sensory |
| What connects the senses to the brain it helps you decide what to do? | Integrative |
| What helps you decide your actions? | motor |
| Two types of nervous tissue is? | Neurogila and neurons |
| Neurogilas do what? | Most abundant type of tissue,dont have any type of electrical charge.Supports, protects,insulates,and generally care for neurons |
| Neurons do what? | Does the communicating for the neurogila and A specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell. |
| Types of Neurogilas are? | Astrocytes,Ependymal cells,microgila,schwan cells, and oligodendrocytes |
| Star-shaped cells present in blood brain barrier. Protects the brain and anchors or binds blood vessels to nerves for support. Act as phagocytes and secretes nerves growth factors | Astrocytes |
| involved in the formation of CS. lines the ventricles as part of the choroid plexus; Involved in the formation of CSF | Ependymal cells |
| protective role; phaocytosis of pathogens and damages tissue | microgila |
| Produce myeiln sheath for nerouns in the peripheral nervous system; assist in in regeneration of damaged fibers | schwan cells |
| produce myelin sheath for neurons in the cenral nervous system. | oligodendrocytes |
| Parts of the neurons. | cell body, dendrites,and axon. |
| What are in the axons? | myelin sheath, nodes, neurilemma,and axon terminals. |
| Three types of neurons. | sensory neurons, motor neurons,and Interneurons. |
| Found only in Central nervous system, connects sensory and motor nerves. | Interneurons |
| Carry information from CNS towards periphery | Motor Neurons |
| carry information from preiphery toward the CNS. | Sensory Neurons |
| nerve ImPluses or singnals | also called Action poteinal, moves along sensory or motor neurons and has electrical signals convey information along neurons |
| Resting state | polarization |
| stimulated state | Depolarization |
| Returning to resting state | Returning to resting state |
| ACH is? | Secrected from neuron A, diffused across synapse cleft, bound to receptors on neurons B, and neurons b is activated. |
| Four major areas of the brain. | Cerebrum, dienecephalon, brain stem, and cerbellum. |
| Four lobes of the Cerebellum are? | Fontal, parietal,temporal,and occipital. |
| Primary motor area of the frontal lobe | prcentral gyus |
| Motor speach area of the frontal lobe | broca area |
| Fronatal lobes main functions | the execuative, behavior,personality, and motor control |
| frontal lobes Motor Homunculus | Shows precentage of fontal lobes devoted to bodys motor activities |
| parietal lobes | somatosensory area(sensensations) and gustatory area(taste) |
| temporal lobe | Auditory cotex(hearing), olfactory area(smelling) and gustatory area (taste) |
| occipital lobe | vissual cortex (sight) |
| Areas of the cerebral lobes | speech area, association area and wernicke's area |
| Span temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. used in left hemisphere. Has the wernicke's area. | Speech area |
| Helps turn thought into speech | Wernicke's area |
| Helps interpret sensory information. For example samator sense, visual, and auditory. | Association area |
| Thalamus and hypothalamus id located in? | Diencephalon |
| Thalamus is? | senses first go to this area, stimulies go up spinal cord to this (sensory) |
| hypothalamus is? | Regulates many body process such as body temperature, water balance and metabolism |
| Brain stem contains ? | midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. |
| Vital center, Emetic center, and reflex center is located in? | Medulla oblongata |
| Mediates reflexes, coordinates motor activity and evaluates sensory input is done where in the brain? | cerebellum |
| Limbic system Is | emotional brain |
| Reticular formation is | Reticular activating system: sleep-wake cycle, consciousness, and gaze center |
| Memory area contains | Immediate memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. |
| Protecting the CNS: Four layers | Bones, meninges, blood-brain barrier,and CSF. |
| Vertabrae and cranium | bones that protect the CNS |
| Connective tissue that surrrounds the brain and provides protection for the CNS | Menings |
| Formed from blood through special cells in brain And helps protect the CNS | CSF |
| Dura mater | is a meninges closes to the skull |
| Arachnoid mater | Is a meninges that is a subarchnoid space |
| Pia mater | Is a meninges that is soft mater |
| Parts of the Meninges | Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, and dia mater |
| Formed in ventricles by choroid plexus, circulates through subarchnoid space. Forms central canal of spinal cord and dorms foramina | CSF |
| Drainage of CSF | Must equal its production, Arachnoid villi project into dural sinuses filled with blood. CSF drains into blood and leaves the brain |
| Made up of special cells(astrosytes) within cerbral capillaries and prevents some toxins from entering the CNS from blood | Blood-brain barrier |
| Synapse is? | Space between a axon |
| Spinal cord tracts | Ascending:sensory And Descending:motor |
| Where are the sensory and motor tracts located in | white matter in the spinal cord cross sections |
| Where is the cell bodies, interneurons, and synapse located | Grey matter in the spinal cord cross section |
| Spinothalamic | Pain pathway |
| Spinothalamic, dorsal column, and spinocerebellar is located in | Ascending spinal cord tract |
| Pyramidal | Major motor tact |
| pyramidal and Extrapyramidal | decending motor |
| Trigerminal | sensery of the cornea |
| Fixed and dilated pupils mean | they have canial pressure |
| Difference between a nerve and a neuron is | A nerve is a bundle of neurons while a neuron is a single nerve cell |
| Relex Arc : five components | receptors, afferent neurons, Intergrating center,efferent neuron, effector organs. |
| CN I | olfactory (smell) |
| CN II | Optic (sight) |
| CN III | Oculomotor (most movement of the eye balls & lids; pupil size) |
| CN IV | Trochlear (movement of eyeball) |
| CN V | Trigerminal (Chewing, sensation on face, scalp, cornea, and teeth) |
| CN VI | Aducens (keeps eye lateral) |
| CN VII | Facial (facial expression, salivation, taste, tearing, and blinking)(bells palsy) |
| CN VIII | Vesibulocochlear (hearing and balance) |
| CN IX | Glossopharyngeal (swallowing and taste) |
| CN X | Vasus (wandering nerves) |
| CN XI | accessory (head movement and shruggind shoulders) |
| CN XII | Hypoglassal (speech) |
| dorsal column | touch, deep pressure, vibration |
| spinothalmus | temperture, pressure, pain ,light touch |
| spinocerebellar | proprioceptions |
| pyramidal | skeletal muscle tone, voluntary muscles |
| Extrapyramidal | sketal muscles activity (balance and posture) |
| Spinal nerves: plexus | Cervical |
| Cervical of the spinal nerve: plexus | skin and muscle of the diaphragm, neck and shoulder C1 to c4 |
| Brachial of the spinal nerve: plexus | Skin and muscles of the upper extremities c5 to c8, T1 |
| Lumbosacral of the spinal nerves: plexus | Skin and muscles of the lower toso and lower extermities t12, L1 to L5, s1 to s4 |
| Phrenic | diaphragm and if damaged breathing is impaired |
| Axillary | muscles of shoulder if damaged causes crutch plasy |
| intercostal | rib cage if damaged it impairs breathing |
| sciatic | lower trunk if damaged causes foot droop cant dorsi flex |
| Sympathetic response | Fight or flight, raise heart rate, blood vessels constrict, blood pressure increases, bronchial tubes dilate and excessive sweating occures |
| Autonomic response | Parasympathetic and sympathetic |
| papasympathetic | feed or breed, craniosacral (chill mode) |
| Sympathetic | Fight or flight, Thoracolumbar |
| papasympathetic Response | Heart rate decreases blood pressure decreases, digestion and secrection occurs |
| two types of Neurotrasmitters | ACH and Norepinephrine |
| Two type of fiber | chlinergic and adrenergic |
| Sympathetic neurons | Located in the ganglia, close and parallel to the spinal cord. Paravertebral gangila is only found here has cholinergic in preganglionic and adrenergic in postganglionic |
| Parasympathetic neurons | Located in ganglias, near of in effector organs pre and post ganglionic is cholinergic |
| Adrengric receptors are | Alpha and beta |
| Agonist Activates receptors | Alpha1 |
| Angonist Prevents receptors from activating | Beta2 |
Created by:
jenniferlynnen