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Schemes
AP English
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Parallelism (of Balance) | the similarity of the structure in a pair of related word, phrases, or clause. this basic principle of grammar and rhetoric demands that equivalent things be set forth in coordinate grammatical structures:nouns with nouns, infin. w/ infin. adv. clauses w/ |
| Isocolon (of Balance) | a scheme of parallel structure which occurs when the parallel elements are similar not only in grammatical structure but also in length (# of words or # of syllables) |
| Antithesis (of Balance) | the juxtaposition of contrastig ideas, often in parallel structure. the contrast may be in words or in ideas or both. When used well, an antithesis can be very effective, even witty. |
| Anastrophe (Order) | inversion of the natural or usual word order. This deviation can emphasize a point or it can just sound awkward. Most effective when author rarely writes awkwardly bc it draws special attention to inverted phrase. "? not what ur country can do 4u,? wat u |
| Parethasis(order) | insertion of verbal unit interrupting normal flow of sentence. 1 obvi way 2 use parenthesis, 2 use punctuation,parenteses. other way, can use commas, dashes. parenthetical rmrk is off tangent cut off from thrust of sent.alsogramaticly unrelated 2the sent. |
| Apposition (order) | placing side by side 2 coordinate elements, the 2nd which serves as explanation or mod. of the 1st. in grmr its the appositive or noun clustr. "The mtn. was the earth, her home" |
| Ellipsis (omission) | deliberate omission of word/s tht r readily implied by contxt. can make clr, economical sent., if the understood words are garammaticaly incompatible, resulting sent. may be awk. "And he to England shall along with u" |
| Asyndeton (omission) | deliberate omission of conjunctions btween series of related clauses. the effect is to produce a hurried rythym in the sent. " I came, i saw, i conquered." |
| Polysyndeton (Omission) | deliberate use of many conjunctions. the effect of it is 2 slow down the rhythm of the sen. |
| Alliteration (Repetition) | repetition of initial or medial consonants in 2 or + adjacent words. used sparingly, alliteration provides emphasis. overused, it sounds silly. "It was the meanest moment of eternity." |
| Assonance (Repetition) | rep. of similar vowel sounds, preceeded & followed by diff. consonants, in the stressed syllables of adjacent words. "Refresh your zest for living" |
| Anaphora (Repetition) | reps the same word or groups of words at the begginuings of successive clauses. this device produces a strong emotional effect, especially in speech. also establishes a marked change in rhythm. "We shal fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landi |
| Epistrophe (Repetition) | rep. of the same word or group of words at ends of successive clauses. like anaphoram epistrophe producees a strong rhthym and emphasis."when u 1st came we were very many and u were very few, & now u r man and we are getin very few. |
| Epanalepsis (repetition) | rep at end of a clause the word tht occured at the beg. of the clause. like othr schemes of rep, epanalepsis oftn produces or expresses strong emotion. "Blood hath bought blood and blows have answrd blows |
| Anadiplosis (Repetition) | rep of the last word of 1 clause at the beg of the beg of the following clause. " the crime was common, common be the pain" |
| Climax (Repetition) | arrangement of words, phrases, or clauses in an order of increasing importance. "let a man acknowledge obligations to his family, his country, and his God" |
| Antimetabole (Repetition) | rep of words in successive clauses in reverse syntactic order "one should eat to live, not live to eat" |
| Chiasmus(Repetition) | reversal of syntactic structures in successive phrases or clauses. chiasmus is similar but unlike antimetabole in that it does not involve a rep of words "on the way 2 skoo my car ran out of gas; then it had a flat tire on the way home" |
| Polyptoton (repetition) | rep of words derived from the same root (choosy mothers choose Jif" |
Created by:
LazyDaisy20
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