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Fallacy Flash Cards
16 different types of fallacies found in literature and propaganda
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hasty Definition | draws conclusions based on insufficient evidence - example is stereotypes |
| Faulty use of authority | presents people as authorities in fields when they are not - example is when celebrities endorse products |
| Post hoc ergo propter hoc | since one event follows another event, the first event must be the cause of the second event. But proximity of events or conditions does not guarantee a causal relationship - example is a rooster crows every am, so the rooster causes the sun to rise. |
| False analogy | many analogies are merely descriptive and offer no proof of the connection between the two things being compared - example when analogies don't prove anything. there is no connection. |
| Ad hominem | attacks the person rather than on the issue and diverts the reader from the real issue - example is mudslinging |
| False dilemma | black/white, either/or fallacy. This suggests that only two alternatives exist and is an oversimplification of complex problems. |
| Slippery slope | predicts that a first step will lead to a second undesirable step without providing any evidence for that connection. example is gay marriage issue. |
| Begging the question | assumes that the very question being argued has already been proved. circular reasoning. example - my client would not steal bc he is an honest man. |
| Straw man | attacks a view similar to but not the same as the one the opponent holds. example- diversion by redirection to another topic. |
| Two wrongs make a right | attempts to divert attention from the issue at hand by countering a wrong with a similar allegation. example- siblings |
| Ad populum | appeals to the prejudices/biases of the world. example is bandwagon approach |
| Appeal to tradition | argues that what has existed before must continue bc it is a tradition without saying why the tradition should be preserved. example is dead dogma |
| Faulty emotional appeal | draws attention away from argument to conceal another purpose using fear, anger, pity, ect. |
| The complex question | attaches multiple parts to a single question to try to force the audience to accept the whole as a package. example is "when did you stop beating your wife?" |
| Pretentious diction | uses fancy language to confuse and distract the reader, making the issue seem more than it is. It is not a logical fallacy, but is often used in connection with some of them, such as faulty use of authority. |
| Meaningless language | uses language maliciously that has no agreed definition. Also not a logical fallacy. example is when they do not define their terms. |
Created by:
JenEichstaedt1391
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