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LogosPathosFallacies
Stack #128667
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Misapplied Generalization (Logos) | This fallacy wrongly attaches or misapplies support that may be generally true but will not work to support a specific claim. Society>Person. Ex: One may assert that my English teacher is a Democrat because most English professors are Democrats. |
| Fallacy of Composition/Extrapolition (logos) | The inverse of a misapplied gen., this fallacy assumes that what is true for one particular instance can be used as evidence to draw a general conclusion. Ex: Fabio is a good lover, and he is a Latin man; we can conclude that all Latin men are good lovers |
| Circular Logic (Begging the Question) (logos) | This fallacy is when a claim, etc. is supported with a restatement claim. Uses synonyms Ex. Porn is offensive because it is distasteful. |
| Shrink & Grow Fallacy (Logos) | Downplaying evidence that contradicts one's position. Ex: The fact that no WMDs have been found in Iraq should not deter our gov't from combating nations that threaten the safety of us; we should focus on that some have more freedom |
| Appeal to Statistics (Logos) | Relies on the premise that people are easily swayed by numbers, aka numbers don't lie. Ex. Based ont the API poll that found "the chances an American says the word 'fuck' is 2 out of 3" that means foul language is on the rise. |
| False Cause (Post Hoc Propter Hoc) (logos) | Cause and Effect between two events simply because they happened close together. Ex: I complained to the dean about my poli sci prof. and now he is not teaching; that means i caused his dismissal |
| Slippery Slope (Domino Effect) (Logos) | Claims that taking or not taking an action will cause and undesirable effect. Ex: We should not teach sex ed to high school kids, because it will encourage them to becom sexually active, and there will be a rise in teen pregnancy & STDs. |
| Fallacy of Time and Place (Logos) | Supporting a claim with a crazy notion just because it is related to time. Ex: We may accept the idea of "taming" a woman b/c in Shakespeare's time, abusing a woman was acceptable practice. |
| Shifting the Burden of Proof (Logos) | Using absense of contrary proof as support of the claim. Ex: One may assert that alien's have visited Earth because there is no proof that they have not been here. |
| Subjectivist Fallacy (Logos) | Supporting a claim b/c of one's limited POV. "It's my opinion" Ex: I reject the evidence that supports the theory of global warming b/c I have not noticed any differences in weather where I live. |
| Appeal to Faith (Logos) | Supporting a claim with the "word of God" Ex: The death penalty is a moral and effective punishment for the worst crimes because in the Bible God says, "an eye for an eye" |
| False Dilemma (either/or fallacy, Black & White Fallacy) (Logos) | Reducing a complicated matter to two polarized choices. Ex: In order to keep ourselves safe from terrorism, we must give up some of our civil liberties and have our gov't listen in on our phone calls b/c the only other option is to leave ourselvesattacked |
| False Equity (logos) | Claiming that an argument is persuasive b/c both sides were represented or not. Ex: The documentary An Inconvenient Truth fails to persuade audiences that global warming is cause by man-made pollution b/c the doc. never presents other possible causes for |
| False Analogy (Logos) | When dynamics of analogy do not have enough parallels than it is false. Ex: Being forced to pay higher taxes is like Rosa Parks being forced to the back of the bus. |
| Equivocation (Logos) | Switching the meaning of a key term in the claim w/ noting the switch. Ex: We shouldn't teach critical thinking to college students b/c they are already too critical. |
| Tu Quo Que (Two Wrongs Dont Make A Right) (Logos) | Justifying an unethical action by claiming another did it too. Ex: I am justified in stealing from my work b/c they promised to give me a raise this month and then didn't. |
| The Ends Justify the Means (Robin Hood Syndrome) (Logos) | Claiming that a bad action was justified since it resulted in a positive outcome. Ex: Even though the gov't lied about Iraq having WMDs, it was still right to invade this country since we removed the dictator Saddam Hussein. |
| Ameoba Vocabula (Logos) | Loading an argument with unsure language in order to absolve oneself from responsibility. Ex: Though I support a constitutional amendment to protect the desecration of the flag, I haven't really explored all arguments for this amendment, so I'm not sure. |
| Appeal to Pity (Pathos) | Tries to arouse one's sense of pity in coercing agreement w/ a position. Ex: I deserve an "A" because I have a poor self-image due to my underprivileged upbringing. |
| Appeal to Fear (Fear Tactics) (Pathos) | Offor a catastrophic prediction of what will happen if the plan is/is not adopted. Ex: If we don't fight the terrorists over there, we will have to fight them here. |
| Joke & Choke Fallacy (Pathos) | Uses humolr to reduce a position to a joke, mocking an argument to deflect real issues. Ex: My wife has been after me to exercise, eat healthier, etc. so that I can lower my cholesterol. Since when did she get a medical degree? |
| Brown-Nose Fallacy (Pathos) | Replacing actual evidence with flattery in an attempt to lower the defenses of the audience. Ex: You won't vote to legalize marijuana because you're too smart to buy into the other side's weak argument. |
| Affective Fallacy (Pathos) | Undermine arguments when determining the work of art. One's emotional appeal. Ex: Troy should have been voted best picture b/c after I saw the film I was crying so hard. Any film that does that must be excellent. |
| Ego Es Ibi (Pathos) | Like affective. Not emotional appeal, but bases it on how realistic it is. The abstract paintings cannot be considered great art since they do not depict realistic landscapes/portraits, but the painting of a horse I saw was great b/c it looked so real |
Created by:
baugust
Popular English Vocabulary sets