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ch1nut
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| definition - hunger | the primarily physiological (internal) drive to find and eat food |
| definition - appetite | the primarily physiological (external) influences that encourage us to find and eat food - in the absence of hunger |
| definition - Satiety | a state in which there is no longer a desire to eat, a feeling of satisfaction |
| def. - nutrients | chemical substances in food that contribute to health, many of which are essential parts of a diet |
| def. - essential nutrients | a substance that if left out of our diet leads to signs of poor health. The body cannot produce this nutrient or cannot produce enough to meet its needs |
| def. - glucose | 6 carbon sugar that exists in a ring form. found in blood and in table sugar. also known as dextrose (simple sugar) |
| cancer | a condition characterized by uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells |
| cardiovascular (heart) disease | any disease of the heart and circulatory system. characterized by the deposition of fatty material in the blood vessels (hardening) which leads to organ damage and death |
| cholesterol | waxy liquid found in all body cells. structure contains multiple chemical rings and found only in foods of animal origin |
| chronic | long standing/ developing over time. when referring to disease it indicates a slow and lasting part of the process |
| diabetes | 2 types - type 1 = you are born with, the pancreas either does not produce enough or 0 insulin resulting in insulin therapy. TYPE 2 = you grow into this condition. CAUSE= insuffisient release of insulin by the pancreas -may not require insulin theray |
| hypertension | condition in which the blood pressure remains persistently elevated. Obesity, inactivity, alcohol intake, excess salt and genetics may contribute to this condition |
| Kilocalorie | unit that describes the energy content of food. (kcal) is the heat energy needed to raise the temp of 1000 grams of water. It refers to 1000 calorie of measurement |
| Obesity | condition characterized by excess body fat |
| Osteoporosis | Decreased bone mass related to the effects of aging, including estrogen loss during menopause, genetic background and poor diet |
| risk factor | term used when discussing the factors contributing to the development of a disease - aka - heredity, lifestyle choices (smoking) or nutritional habits |
| stroke | decrease or loss in blood flow to the brain that results from a blood clot or other change in arteries in the brain. result - death of brain tissue |
| carbohydrate | compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. can be known as sugars, starches and fibers |
| lipid | compound containing much carbon and hydrogen, little oxygen and sometimes other atoms. don not desolve inwater, and include fats oils and cholesterol |
| protein | food and body compounds made of amino acids,contains hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes other atoms |
| vitamin | compound needed in very small amounts in the diet to help regulate and support chemical reactions in the body |
| mineral | element used to promote chemical reactions and to form body structures |
| water | universal solvent. body is composed of 60% water. women need 9 cups men need 13 cups per day. needs can be greater if one exercises heavily |
| kilocalorie | heat energy needed to raise the temp of 1000 grams (1L) of water 1 degree Celsius, also written as calories |
| simple sugar | monosaccharide or disaccharide in the diet |
| complex carbohydrate | Carbohydrate composed of many monosacchride molecules. Examples - glycogen, starch, fiber |
| macronutrient | nutrient needed in gram quantities in a diet |
| micronutrient | nutrient needed in milligram or microgram quantities in a diet |
| cell | structural basis of plant and animal organization, Contain genetic material and systems for synthesizing energy yielding compounds |
| bond | linkage between two atoms formed by the sharing of electrons or attractions |
| fiber | substances in plant foods not digested by the processes that take place in the human stomach or small intestine |
| enzyme | compound that speeds the rate of a chemical reaction but is not altered by the reaction. Almost all enzymes are protiens some are made of genetic material |
| amino acid | building block for proteins containing a central carbon atom with nitrogen and other atoms attached |
| chemical reaction | interaction between 2 chemicals that changes both chemicals |
| inorganic | any substance lacking carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms in the chemical structure |
| electrolytes | substances that separate into ions in water and are able to conduct electrical current. Include sodium, chloride and potassium |
| solvent | liquid substance in which other substances disolve |
| metabolism | Chemical processes in the body in which energy is provided in useful forms and vital activities are sustained |
| phytochemical | chemical found in plants. may contribute to reduced risk of cancer or cardiovascular disease |
| genes | specific segment on a chromosome which provide blueprints for the production of all body proteins |
| alcohol | ethyl alcohol or ethanol- CH3CH2OH is the compound found in alcoholic beverages |
| compound | group of different types of atoms bonded together in definite proportion |
| salt | compound of sodium and chloride in a 40:60 ratio |
| nutrition | the study of food and nutrition, their digestion absorption and metabolism |
| List the 5 simple tips to avert weight gain | 1 eat breakfast 2 plan ahead 3 limit liquid calories 4 stock the fridge 5 exercise regularly |
| what is our primary psychological driver to eat that is affected by many external food choice mechanisms called? | appetite |
| Energy yielding nutrients include ? | carbohydrates, proteins and fats |
| The essential nutrients | cannot be made by the body and therefore must be consumed to maintain health |
| Sugars, starches and dietary fibers are examples of ? | carbohydrates |
| Which nutrient classes are most important in the regulation of body processes? | vitamins and minerals |
| A kcal is a ? | measure of heat energy |
| A food that contains 10 grams of fat would yield _______ kcal? | 90 |
| If you consume 300 grams of carbohydrate in a day that you consume 2400 kcal, the carbohydrates will provide _____% of your total energy intake | 50 |
| What is true about the North American diet? | About half of the carbohydrates come from simple sugars |
| What is a term used to describe the amount of weight college student gain during the first year of college? | freshman 15 |
Created by:
jessev_111