Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Ch 8 bio 302
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acoelomate, bilateral animals | flatworms, ribbon worms, mesozoans |
| One evolutionary advance: Concentrating sense organs and centers for nervous control in the head region (anterior end) | cephalization |
| Second evolutionary advance: Body can be divided along only one plane of symmetry to yield two halves that are mirror images of each other | bilateral symmetry |
| Because of bilateral symmetry: | active, directed movement is most efficient; elongated body form with anterior, posterior, dorsal and ventral sides |
| ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm | tripoblastic |
| Animals that lack a coelomate but possess a mesoderm | acoelomate |
| Acoelomates have only internal space called the | digestive cavity |
| Region between the epidermis and digestive cavity lining, derived from muscle cells (mesoderm) with no contractile function, biochemically active | parenchyma filler cells: form of packing tissue containing more cells and fibers and less extracellular matrix (ECM) than the mesoglea of cnidarians |
| Another derivative of mesoderm that increases internal complexity in triploblasts | Organs |
| Small worms with a cellular, ciliated epidermis. Some have a saclike gut without an anus, and other lack completely lack a digestive system. Marine: most free-living, some parasitic or symbiotic. | Acoelomorpha |
| Acoelomorpha has nerves that are arranged | Radially (instead of the ladderlike pattern of flatworms) |
| Phylum of Flat worms: worms with flattened bodies that are either slender, leaflike, or long and ribbonlike. Free-living and parasitic. | Platyhelminthes |
| Class of Platyhelminthes that are not parasitic, most are bottom-dwellers or live in damp places on land; have a CILIATED cellular epidermis resting on a basement membrane | Turbellaria |
| Other three classes of Platyhelminthes that are parasitic; form TAXON NEODERMATA | Trematoda (flukes), Monogenea, Cestoda (tapeworms) |
| Small protosome phyla that appear related based on early developmental characteristics: ciliated larval froms and/or the development of a ciliated feeding apparatus | Lophophore |
| Yolk glands separate from the ovaries providing another synapomorphy of parasitic classes | Trematoda (flukes), Monogenea, Cestoda (tapeworms) |
| After this phyla, the loss of rhabdites and development of a syncytial tegument | Turbellaria |
| Found in epidermis; rod-shaped cells composed of fused vesicles from the golgi that swell and form a mucous sheath around the body for protection | Rhabdites |
| Allows the turbellaria to quickly anchor itself to a substrate and release itself for locomotion | Dual-glad adhesive organs |
| Non-cilliated body covering of the parasitic classes that them links into taxon Neodermata and to some branches of turbellarians | Syncytial tegument (many nuclei present without any intervening membranes) |
| Common liver-fluke | Fasciola Hepatica |
| Platyhelminthes have incomplete digestive systems that include | mouth, pharynx, and intestine |
| Digestive systems have these which carry food throughout the body | branches |
| Digestive are is critical where the individual lacks a circulatory system, nutrients are transported by... | diffusion, with the gastrodermis which phagocytizes it through intracellular digestion |
| Lack a digestive cavity due to their parasitic lifestyle, in which they absorb their nutrients through their tegument | Tapeworms |
| Platyhelminthes have osmoregulation through: | Flame cells (protonephridia) which surround space into where a tuft of flagella project |
| In some turbellarians and other flatworms, flame cells form this | Weir: bear fingerlike projections that interdigitate with similar projections of a tubule cell |
| How is water moved in Platyhelminthes (only freshwater kinds because marine do not have to expel excess water) | water is pushed out by a flagellated cell creating a vacuum behind it that draws excess water out of the body |
| Detect currents Platyhelminthes | Rheoreceptors |
| Orientation cells Platyhelminthes | Statocysts |
| Light-sensitive eyespots of Platyhelminthes | Ocelli |
| CLASS: Free-living, aquatic, ciliated, predaceous, possess rhabdites, protrusible proboscis, many glands, and most hermaphroditic (monoecious) | Turbellaria |
| CLASS: all parasitic, non-ciliated syncytial tegument, possess an anterior holdfast device, two or more life cycles/hosts, sexual and asexual development | Trematoda |
| CLASS: parasitic, non-ciliated syncytial tegument, attachment organs with hooks, vertebrate ectoparasites, one life cycle/host, each bears a posterior opisthaptor | Monogenea "single descent (one host)" |
| CLASS: parasitic, non-ciliated syncytial tegument, attachment organs with hooks, body divided into scolex, neck and strobila, the latter composed of many proglottids | Cestodea (Eucestoda) |
| Yolk contained within egg cell | endolecithal |
| Yolk from separate organs and then surround zygote within an eggshell | ectolecithal |
| CLASS: Parasitic flukes; endoparasites | Trematoda |
| CLASS: Sister taxon to Cestoda; external parasites on fish gills (after hatching attach to new fish); feed on epithelia (skin) blood or mucus | Monogenea |
| Organ that Monogenea use to attach to their hosts | Opisthaptor |
| CLASS: Tapeworms; no digestive system, well-developed muscles, no external cilia; require two hosts | Cestoda |
| Cestoda use these to attach to their host | scolex |
| Reproductive units of Cestoda which are shed with the feces; develop within a fluid-filled cyst | proglottids |
| Main body of Cestoda chain of proglottids | Strobila |
| Where new proglottids form | Germinative zone |
| Entire surface of cestodes are covered with these minute projections | Microtriches |
| Present in Ohio, terrestrial flatworm predator in the leaf litter and soil | Arthurdendyus triangulatus |
| Chinese liver fluke; requires three hosts to complete life cycle; Trematode (subclass Digenea) | Chlonorchis sinesis |
| PHYLUM: minute, ciliated animals; highly specialized parasites or symbionts living in marine invertebrates; TWO GERM LAYERS, NO GASTRULATION | Mesozoa |
| PHYLUM: Thread/Ribbon-shaped predatory worms; Ribbon Worms; all marine; dioecious (reproduce asexually); true circulatory system | Nemertea |
| Nemertea have this long muscular tube which they can thrust out swiftly to grasp the prey and inject it with neurotoxins lying in an cavity called rhynchocoel (located ABOVE digestive tract) | Proboscis (which their name refers to) |
| Body of Nemertea similar to turbellarians | Ciliated epidermis with many gland cells, presence of flame cells in excretory system |
| How do Nemertea move? | gliding over a slime track or by muscular contractions |
| The mouth and digestive system of Nemertea? | Mouth is anterior and ventral, digestive tract is complete with an anus; digestion is extracellular |
| How do Nemertea move food? | Cilia |
| Flatworms in phylum Platyhelminthes, Mesozoans and Nemertea are | lophotrochozoan protosomes |
| Planuloid ancestor | Bilateral symmetrical flatworms may be derived from a radial ancestor |
| Unusual fluke (dioceious) which lives in the blood, eggs live through feces/urine and picked up by snail which then penetrates its skin | Schistosome fluke |
| Gyrgodactylus | MONOGENEA "russian dolls" due to each parasite giving birth to a fully grown worm; several generations boxed inside another |
| Pork Tapeworm; dangerous to humans, eggs hatch in the intestine and larva enter blood then encyst in human tissue | Taenia solium |
Created by:
ohktina