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CHEMGTFINAL9/10
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Thermochemistry | the study of energy changes that occur during chemical reactions and changes in state |
Energy | the ability to do work |
Heat | energy that transfers from one object to another because of a temperature difference between the objects |
Temperature | the property of matter which reflects the quantity of energy of motion of the component particles |
System | a part of the universe on which you focus your attention |
Surrounding | everything in the universe outside of the system |
Enthalpy | the heat content of a system at constant pressure |
Fusionand Solidification | Combining lighter atomic nuclei to form a heavier nucleus. Energy is released. |
Hess's Law | if you add two or more thermo chemical equations to give a final equation, then you also add the heats of reaction to give the final heat of reaction |
Exothermic | a process that releases heat to its surroundings |
Endothermic | a process that absorbs heat from the surroundings |
Law of Conservation of Energy | in any chemical or physical process, energy is neither created nor destroyed |
Calories | a unit of thermal energy equal to 4.184 joules or the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of liquid water 1°C at standard pressure |
Heat Capacity | the amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of an object exactly |
? J = 1 Cal | 4.184 |
Calorimeter | an insulated device used to measure the absorption or release of heat in chemical or physical processes |
Thermochemical Equations | a chemical equation that includes the enthalpy change |
Vaporization | the phase transition of a substance from the liquid phase to the gas phase |
Condensation | change in the state of matter from the gas phase to the liquid phase |
Heat of Solution | |
Kinetic molecular theory | explains the behavior of particles of matter -all matter is made up of particles that have mass - for gas, distance between particles is very large - these particles are in constant random motion |
Kinetic molecular theory part 2 | -all collisions are elastic between particles, there is no loss of energy -the temp of a substance is determined by the avg kinetic energy of particles |
two assumptions about gases | -gas particles have no attraction forces between one another |
the volume of the particles is insignificant compared to the volume of the gas | |
Units of pressure | 1atm=760mmHG/Torr=101.3 kPa |
Absolute Zero | the temp where all particles motion has stopped (-273*C) |
Avogadro's Law | 1 mol of any gas at STP=22.4 L |
Diffusion | spreading of gas molecules throughout a container until evenly distributed, movement towards lower concentration |
Effusion | passing of gas molecules through a tiny opening in a container |
Boyles Law | P inversely proportional to V, p1v1=p2v2 |
Charles' Law | V directly proportional V1/t1=v2/v2 |
Dalton's Law | Pt is the sum of partial pressures of components Pt=Pa+Pb+Pct |
Ideal Gas Law | Combined Proportional PV=NRT |
Gay-Lussac's Law | P directly proportional to T P1/T1= p2/t2 |
Graham's Law | Rate directly proportional to Molar mass |
P= | atm |
n= | mol |
v= | liters |
R= | .0821 atm/k-mol |
T= | kelvin |