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CHEMGTFINAL9/10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Thermochemistry | the study of energy changes that occur during chemical reactions and changes in state |
| Energy | the ability to do work |
| Heat | energy that transfers from one object to another because of a temperature difference between the objects |
| Temperature | the property of matter which reflects the quantity of energy of motion of the component particles |
| System | a part of the universe on which you focus your attention |
| Surrounding | everything in the universe outside of the system |
| Enthalpy | the heat content of a system at constant pressure |
| Fusionand Solidification | Combining lighter atomic nuclei to form a heavier nucleus. Energy is released. |
| Hess's Law | if you add two or more thermo chemical equations to give a final equation, then you also add the heats of reaction to give the final heat of reaction |
| Exothermic | a process that releases heat to its surroundings |
| Endothermic | a process that absorbs heat from the surroundings |
| Law of Conservation of Energy | in any chemical or physical process, energy is neither created nor destroyed |
| Calories | a unit of thermal energy equal to 4.184 joules or the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of liquid water 1°C at standard pressure |
| Heat Capacity | the amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of an object exactly |
| ? J = 1 Cal | 4.184 |
| Calorimeter | an insulated device used to measure the absorption or release of heat in chemical or physical processes |
| Thermochemical Equations | a chemical equation that includes the enthalpy change |
| Vaporization | the phase transition of a substance from the liquid phase to the gas phase |
| Condensation | change in the state of matter from the gas phase to the liquid phase |
| Heat of Solution | |
| Kinetic molecular theory | explains the behavior of particles of matter -all matter is made up of particles that have mass - for gas, distance between particles is very large - these particles are in constant random motion |
| Kinetic molecular theory part 2 | -all collisions are elastic between particles, there is no loss of energy -the temp of a substance is determined by the avg kinetic energy of particles |
| two assumptions about gases | -gas particles have no attraction forces between one another |
| the volume of the particles is insignificant compared to the volume of the gas | |
| Units of pressure | 1atm=760mmHG/Torr=101.3 kPa |
| Absolute Zero | the temp where all particles motion has stopped (-273*C) |
| Avogadro's Law | 1 mol of any gas at STP=22.4 L |
| Diffusion | spreading of gas molecules throughout a container until evenly distributed, movement towards lower concentration |
| Effusion | passing of gas molecules through a tiny opening in a container |
| Boyles Law | P inversely proportional to V, p1v1=p2v2 |
| Charles' Law | V directly proportional V1/t1=v2/v2 |
| Dalton's Law | Pt is the sum of partial pressures of components Pt=Pa+Pb+Pct |
| Ideal Gas Law | Combined Proportional PV=NRT |
| Gay-Lussac's Law | P directly proportional to T P1/T1= p2/t2 |
| Graham's Law | Rate directly proportional to Molar mass |
| P= | atm |
| n= | mol |
| v= | liters |
| R= | .0821 atm/k-mol |
| T= | kelvin |
Created by:
AlanaR