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What is Trait Factor Theory?
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What is Frank Parsons best known for?
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Domain Two
Theories of career development and work adjustment
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Trait Factor Theory? | Person-Environment "fit" theory--Match jobs to people based on person's TRAITS--development of psychological tests to measure human traits. Basic framework for application of psychometric assessment |
| What is Frank Parsons best known for? | regarded as the FOUNDER/FATHER of vocational career counseling. Developed the talent-matching approach, which was later developed into the TRAIT AND FACTOR THEORY, later refined by Dawis and Lofquist |
| What is Psychoanalytical Theory? | Occupational Choice is based on SUBLIMATION and IDENTIFICATION |
| What are 3 Parts of the Trait Factor Theory? | 1. PEOPLE have different traits 2. OCCUPATION demands combination of CHARACTERISTICS in workers 3.Vocational guidance should MATCH worker and occupation |
| What is the Need- Drive Theory? | Theory that states that people make occupational decisions on the basis of their NEEDS. Individuals have needs that become the force/drive toward need-satisfying |
| What theory is Maslow AND Allport associated with? | Need-Drive Theory |
| Who are 2 advocates of Trait and Factor Theory? | Parsons and Williamson |
| What is Sublimation? | in Psychoanalytical Theory, socially unacceptable motives are expressed as socially acceptable behavior (ex; person w extreme aggression becomes a boxer) |
| What is IDENTIFICATION? | In Psychoanalytical Theory, a young person may transform his/her relationship w a parent into a MODEL that directs vocational striving. |
| Who is associated with the Theory of Early Parent-Child Relationships? | Anne Roe |
| What are the 3 psychological climates resulting from early parent-child relationships? | 1. EMOTIONAL concentration on the child results in an OVERPROTECTIVE or OVER DEMANDING climate. 2. Avoidance of the child results in a neglecting or rejecting climate. 3.Acceptance of the child results in casual or loving climate. |
| According to Anne Roe what are the 2 direct casual relationships between the childhood climate and the individuals needs? | 1.WARM parent-child relations result in children learning to satisfy their needs primarily through INTERACTION with other people. 2.COLD modes of child-rearing, children learn to fulfill needs in ways that do NOT INVOLVE people. |
| Warm parent-child relations result in the child choosing what type of occupation? | Person-oriented occupations. |
| Who is associated with the General Theory? | Axelrod, GINZBERG, Herma |
| Who had the FIRST developmental theory of Occupational Choice? | Ginzberg |
| What does the Theory of Personality and Model Environments stress? (HOLLAND) | The determinants of Occupational Choice--heredity interacts w cultural, personal forces, hierarchy of coping methods. searches for work situations which satisfy persons' hierarchy of adjustive orientations, ONet, w |
| Donald Super is associated with what theory? | Self-Concept Theory and Career Patterns |
| Who is associated with the Theory of Personality and Model Environments? | John Holland |
| A.A. Brill is associated with what theory? | Psychoanalytical Theory |
| What does the Theory of Early Parent-Child Relationship stress? | Direct causal relationship between the Childhood psychological climate and the evolution of the individual's needs hierarchy. 3 climates result from early parent-child |
| Anne Roe postulated which theory? | Theory of Early Parent-Child Relationships |
| Composite View | Stresses that Job satisfaction depends upon the extent to which the job MEETS THE NEEDS one believes it should meet. Always appropriate to change occupational choice when one believes that a change will meet needs better. |
| Hoppock | He developed COMPOSITE VIEW THEORY and wrote the book "Occupation Information" |
| What is the General Theory? | Developmental theory--Occupational Choice is a long term process and happens in a series of rather definitive stages or periods. COMPROMISE because when a choice is made many possible decisions are eliminated |
| John Holland is associated with what theory? | Theory of Personality and Model Environments |
| What does Theory of Personality and Model Environments stress? | determinants of occupational choice. A person is product of HEREDITY w Cultural/Personal forces interacting (spouse, physical envmt). Person develops HIERARCHY of preferred coping methods; searches vocational choices to satisfy hierarchy; |
| What resources use John Holland's Theory of Personality? | Almost all interest inventories, the O*Net, and the book, "What Color is your Parachute". use this kind of theory |
| What themes are associated with Holland's Theory of Personality? | Realistic, Investigative, Social Enterprising Conventional and Artistic |
| Realistic Type Personality | Mechanical, athletic abilities,and likes to work outdoors with tools and machines; likes to work w things versus people; auto mechanics, aircraft controller, surveyor, electrician, and farmer. |
| Realistic Type Personality traits | conforming, frank, genuine, hardheaded, honest, humble, materialistic, modest, natural, normal, persistent, shy, and thrifty |
| Investigative Type Personality | has math/science abilities,likes to work alone and solve problems; likes to explore/understand things and events rather than persuade others or sell them things; Ex: biologist, chemist, physicist, geologist, anthropologist,lab assistant, medical tech |
| Investigative Type Personality traits | analytical, cautious, complex, critical, curious, independent, intellectual, introverted, methodical, modest, pessimistic, precise, rational, and reserved |
| Artistic Type Personality | Has artistic skills, enjoys creating original work, and has a good imagination. Likes to work with creative ideas and self-expression more than routines and rules; Ex: composer, musician, stage director, dancer, interior decorator, actor, writer |
| Artistic Type Personality traits | described as complicated, disorderly, emotional, expressive, idealistic, imaginative, impractical, impulsive, independent, introspective, intuitive, nonconforming, open, and original |
| Social Type Personality | LIkes people, interested in how people get along, likes to help people w problems. likes to help, teach, and counsel; Examples: teacher, speech therapist, counselor, religious worker, clinical psychologist, and nurse |
| Social Type Personality traits | convincing, cooperative, friendly, generous, helpful, idealistic, kind, patient, responsible,, social, sympathetic, tactful, understanding and warm |
| Enterprising Type Personality | Leadership and public speaking abilities, is interested in money and politics, likes to influence/persuade people; direct others;Ex: buyer, sports promoter, tv producer, business executive, salesperson, travel agent, supervisor, manager |
| Enterprising Type Personality traits | acquisitive,adventurous, agreeable, ambitious, attention-getting |
| Conventional Type Personality | likes to follow orderly routines and meet clear standards, avoiding work that does not have clear directions. Has clerical/math abilities, likes to work indoors an organize things. Ex:bookkeeper, financial analyst, banker, secretary, and radio dispatcher |
| Conventional Type Personality Traits | conforming, conscientous, careful, efficient, inhibited, obedient, orderly, persistent, practical, thrifty, and unimiginative |
| The Process of Occupational Decision-Making and Adjustment | Career development is a process in which the individual resolves a group of general psychosocial crises, occupational aspects of these crises, and a sequence of problems/decisions that lasts throughout life; DECISION-MAKING SEQUENCE |
| Tiedman and O'Hara are associated with? | The Process of Occupational DECISION-MAKING and Adjustment |
| The Process of Occupational Decision-Making and Adjustment | Career development is a process in which the individual resolves a group of general psychosocial crises, occupational aspects of these crises, and a sequence of problems/decisions that lasts throughout life; DECISION-MAKING SEQUENCE |
| Which Theory is the most comprehensive and accepted contemporary theory of vocational development? | Self-concept Theory and Career Patterns |
| Self-Concept Theory and Career Patterns(SUPER) | The most comprehensive and accepted contemporary theories of vocational development. DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES: while everyone goes through same stages, individuals differ in the type, sequence, and duration of work and work-related activities w/in each stage. |
| Vocational Development stresses... (per Self Concept Theory and Career Patterns) | Developing and implementing a self-concept within the OCCUPATIONAL world; A vocational self-concept is but one aspect of the whole self-concept |
| Model of Vocational Behavior/Relevance to People with Disabilities | Constructs: Physical and psychosocial background, work personality (adjustment to disab), work competencies ( disability), work choice |
| David Hershenshon is associated with what theory? | Model of Vocational Behavior/Relevance to People with Disabilities; work adjustment |
| Dawis and Lofquist are associated with what theory? | Minnesota Theory of Work Adjustment |
| Minnesota Theory of Work Adjustment stresses... | 1. Work Adjustment--ind needs/abilities correspond w work envirnments reinforcers and demands 2. Satisfactoriness--How well an indiv abilities corresp w the ability requirements of the work environment 3. Satisfaction How well satisfying work is to indiv |
| TENURE defined per (Minnesota Theory of Work Adjustment) | The amount of time individual stays in a certain work environment; it is the ultimate criterion of work-adjustment; the longer indiv remains in a given work env, the more likely that an effective adjustment w this environment has been achieved |
| Theory of MORAL Development and Cognitive Stages primary's concern is... | JUSTICE;rule proscribes action, and a principle affords a "guide for choosing among behaviors".Indiv progress thru each stage using diff set of principles and new sense of justice; Stage 1-6 describe steady movement outward from self |
| Six Stages of the Theory of Moral Development and Cognitive Stages | 6Stages(3Levels/2stages each)1.Obedience& punishmnt2.Individualism& Moral Reciprocity 3. Mutual Interpersonal Expectations, Relatnshps & Conformity 4. Stage of Social System and Conformity 5.Social Contract6.Universal Ethical Principl-few ppl achiev all |
| Lawrence Kohlberg is associated with what theory? | Theory of Moral Development and Cognitive Stages |
| Carol Gilligan | Different Voice Model |
| Different Voice Model (emphasis on women) | Care Voice vs Justice Voice: Women's moral reasoning is in the "care voice" while men tend to reason in the "Justice voice" |
| Ginzberg's Developmental Approach | Based on devel factrs that relate to occupational choice 1) Fantasy, birth-11: children dream of future work 2) Tentative, 11-17: the teen begins to view career in terms of abilities, background, and education |
| Ginzberg's Developmental Approach (continued) | 3) Realistic, 12- early 20s: person compromises between abilities and aspirations--*Later expanded theory to say that career development is a lifelong process |
| Social Learning | Bandura & Krumboltz: stressed the importance of modeling and vicarious learning in career choice |
| Career | A broad path including a variety of jobs and occupations (medicine field) |
| Occupation | Types of positions within a career field (surgeon, dentist, anesthesiologist, nurse) |
| Job | The narrowest and most specific work category (waiter, office clerk, Critical Care Nurse |
| Name 3 career counseling tests | 1) Minnesota Occupational Rating Scale 2) Meyers-Briggs Type Indicator 3) Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey |
| Holland's 6 Personality Types | 1) Realistic 2)Conventional 3) Enterprising 4) Social 5) Investigative 6) Artistic |
| Post conventional Morality | Kohlberg's highest stage of morality- occurs late in life and is a personal morality, developed by the adult and which supersedes society's rules, laws. And restrictions |
| Career Development | an employer's attempt to help an employee further their career &/or advance in the company |
| Who is known as the father of counseling? | Frank Parson |
| Who is associated with the Personality Theory of Career? | John Holland |
| What does Donald Super emphasize? | the importance of development of self-concept. Self-concept changes over time, and develops as a result of experience. As such, career development is life long. |
| John Crites | Developed Career Maturity Inventory. Dealt w issues of diagnosis, the counseling process, and outcomes. Reflects influence of trait-and-factor and dev career counseling. Believes diagnosis determines outcome of counseling. Identified 3 types of diagnosis: |
| John Crites' 3 Types of Diagnosis | 1. differential, which determines what the problem is; 2.dynamic, which identifies the reasons for the problem; and 3. decisional, which establishes how the problem is dealt with |
| Who is associated with the LEARNING THEORY OF CAREER COUNSELING & HAPPENSTANCE? | Kromboltz |
| LEARNING THEORY OF CAREER COUNSELING | most recently developed ideas about supporting indecision in clients. Kromboltz states that indecision is desirable and sensible, as it allows the opportunity for clients to benefit from unplanned events. This theory is called planned happenstance. |
| The Birth of Career Development | Known for Vocational Guidance, emerged in the US near the turn of the 20th century in advance of the career development theory. |
| The first theory for General purposes in Career Development | (1909)Frank Parsons purposed a 3-step process for choosing a vocation, consisting of 1. Gaining information about the person 2. Gaining information about the world of work 3. Matching these two to arrive at an appropriate occupation for the individual |
| Minnesota Theory of Work Adjustment | 1. Developed in 1960's by Lofquist and Davis According to TWA, " individuals differ, environments differ, and each individual-environment interaction are unique |
| Instruments used with Super theory | a. Career Development Inventory b. Adult Career Concerns Inventory c. Salience Inventory d. Values Scale |
| Super's theory Application to PWD | career maturity construct has been used in descriptive studies of people with disabilities and in measuring the impact of interventions and for research with PWD and other minorities. |
| Krumboltz Social learning theory of decision making | Emphasises importance of behavior (action) and cognition (Knowing/thinking) in making career decisions. Focuses on teaching the client career decision-making techniques and helping use these techn effectively in selecting career alternatives |
| Important factors of Social Learning Theory | genetic endowment, environmental conditions and events, learning experiences, and task-approach skills |
| Hershenson's theory | Combines aspects of career development and work adjustment theories. Applicable to persons with either congenital and or acquired disabilities this theory is operated under 3 domains |
| Hershenson's theory-3 Domains | 1. work personality 2. Work Competencies: 3. Develop goals work effectively during transitional process from school to post-secondary education or employment. |
| Bernard Haldane | Career Counseling pioneer who helped hundreds of veterans find jobs after World War II and avised how to prepare for the job interview. Philosophy; Job-Seekers Must Value Skills By Understanding Skills to Find Dream Job |
| Mark Savickas is associated with what Theory? | CAREER CONSTRUCTION THEORY |
| CAREER CONSTRUCTION THEORY | holds that individuals build their careers by imposing meaning on vocational behavior. |
| Strong Interest Inventory (SII) | an interest inventory used in career assessment. |
| Goal of the Strong Interest Inventory (SSI) | to give insight into a person's interests, so that they may have less difficulty in deciding on an appropriate career choice for themselves. It is also frequently used for educational guidance as one of the most popular career assessment tools. |
| Who developed the Strong Interest Inventory? | Strong and Campbell |
| Situational Assessment | valuable tool for assisting PWDs to make choices of job types & work env they enjoy; also known as job sampling, on-the-job assmt, or env asmt),the job seeker is given real choice thru exposure to variety of work env, what kind of work is/is not approp |
| community based assessments | designed to give an individual an up-close look at the world of work as they perform job duties typical of an employee in a business setting |
| Theories of vocational behavior and career development address interrelated constructs that include: | occupational choice, career development and work adjustment. |
| Occupational Choice | relates to the process of choosing a specific job at one point in time |
| Career Development focuses on: | on the development pocess of one's lifelong sequence of occupationally relevant choices and behaviors. |
| Work Adjustment has 2 meanings | 1. In Minnesota Theory, it addresses the correspondence between the person and the environment in the context of work. 2. According to Hershenson it means development of and interaction among work persnality , work competencies, work goals and environment |
| Who's theory is known as a "Life Career Rainbow"? | Super's Life Span-Life Space Theory |
Created by:
msportillo