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1.5 Acids and Bases

Terms used for atomic strucure, acids and bases

TermDefinition
proton sub atomic particle, found in nucleus, + charge, has mass
mass number Stuff with mass in atom (= protons + neutrons)
Ion atom that's gained or lost e s to get full outer shell
electron arrangement 2, 8, 8 ...
neutralisation acid + base (or carbonate) → water + salt (+ CO₂)
Atom building blocks of matter (same no. + and -)
element substance made up of one atom type only
neutron sub atomic particle, found in nucleus, no charge, has mass
electron sub atomic particle, found in shells around nucleus, - charge, no mass
atomic number no. of protons in an atom
pH indicates the proportion of H⁺ ions in a substance
indicator changes colour depending on the pH
Acid Has an excess of H+ ions
ionic compound/salt metal ion + non-metal ion
isotope an atom with a different number of neutrons
Base has an excess of OH- ions
alkali a base that dissolves in water
Acid + Base → Salt + Water
Acid + metal carbonate → metal salt + water + carbon dioxide gas
acid + metal oxide → metal salt + water
acid + metal hydroxide → metal salt + water
acid + hydrogen carbonate → metal salt + water + carbon dioxide
Formula for Hydrochloric acid HCl
Formula for sulfuric acid H₂SO₄
Formula for nitric acid HNO₃
Formula for carbonate ion CO₃²⁻
Formula for hydrogen carbonate ion HCO₃⁻
Magnesium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid→?+? magnesium chloride + water
sodium oxide + sulfuric acid → sodium sulfate + water
potassium carbonate + nitric acid→ potassium nitrate + water + carbon dioxide gas
What do you observe if you react an an acid (i.e HCl) with any carbonate (i.e. calcium carbonate) fizzing. Due to the formation of carbon dioxide
Created by: Discoweb
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