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AP/C Gov Federalism

TermDefinition
Block grants form of fiscal federalism where federal aid is given to states with few strings attached
categorical grants include project and formula grants and aim at assisting the states in areas such as health, income security, and education
competitive federalism begun under Nixon and known as New Federalism; stressed downsizing of federal government and more reliance on revenue sharing and grants
cooperative federalism developed during New Deal; characterized by federal government's becoming more intrusive in what were traditionally state powers
creative federalism developed during Johnson; characterized by Great Society programs which placed major responsibility on federally funded programs
dual federalism earliest type of relationship established between federal government and states where federal government's powers were defined as delegated and state powers were reserved
fiscal federalism concept of federalism where funding is appropriated by federal government to states with specific conditions attached; legislation can be in form of mandates
funded mandates regulations passed by Congress or issued by regulatory agencies to states with federal funds to support them
layer cake federalism federalism characterized by national government exercising its power independently from state governments
marble cake federalism also known as cooperative federalism; developed during New Deal and is characterized by federal government's becoming more intrusive in what was traditionally states' powers
unfunded mandates those regulations passed by Congress or issued by regulatory agencies to states without fedreal funds to support them
federalism way of organizing nation so that two or more levels of government have formal authority over same area and people
unitary government all power resides in central government
confederation national government is weak and most or all of power is in hands of its components
intergovernmental relations interactions among national, state, and local government
supremacy clause Constitution, laws and treaties are supreme law of the land; dealt with question of which govt. should prevail in disputes
Tenth amendment powers not delegated to US by Constitution, not prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to states or to people
McCulloch v. Maryland Congress has implied powers; national policies take precedence over state policies
implied powers Congress has power to "make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers"; based on elastic clause
enumerated powers powers specifically listed in Article 1 Section 8 of Constitution
Full faith and credit states are required to honor public acts, records, and civil judicial proceedings of every other state
extradition states are required to return person charged with a crime in another state to that state for trial or imprisonment
privileges and immunities of citizens citizens of each state receive all the privileges and immunities of any other state in which they happen to be
dual federalism layer cake federalism; states and national government each remain supreme within their own spheres
cooperative federalism marble cake federalism; mingled responsibilities and blurred distinctions between levels of government
grants-in-aid main instrument the national government uses for both aiding and influencing states and localities
project grants most common type of categories awarded on basis of competitive applications
formula grants distributed according to formula
underfunded mandate states have to budget more funds for project in order to receive federal grant money
Created by: yancyk
 

 



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