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Statistics Test 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Statistics | The science of collecting and analyzing data and drawing conclusions |
| Variability | Natural differences that exist in data. It is universal. |
| Population | Entire collection of individuals/objects which info is desired. |
| Census | Performed to gather information about a population. |
| Sample | A subset of the population selected for study. |
| Descriptive Statistics | Methods of organizing and summarizing data. |
| Inferential Statistics | Making generalization from the sample to the population. |
| Variable | Any characteristics whose value may change from one individual to another |
| Data | The values for a variable from individual observations. |
| Categorical Variables | Identifies basic differentiating characteristics of a population. Quantitative. |
| Numerical Variables | Observations/measurements that can be averaged. |
| Discrete Numerical Variables | Isolated points along the number line. (counts) |
| Continuous Numerical Variables | Can be any value on interval. (Measurements, amounts...) |
| Confounding Variable | Related to both group membership and the response variable of interest. |
| Simple Random Sampling | Everyone has an equal chance of being selected. Population representation is not guaranteed. |
| Sampling Frame | List of all individuals/objects in population. |
| Stratified Random Sampling | Broken up into non-overlapping categories and then do simple random sample. |
| Cluster Sampling | Divided into non-overlapping groups call clusters. |
| Systematic Sampling | Use rule/method to collect sample. |
| Bias | The tendency for samples to differ from population in some systematic way. |
| Selection Bias | Undercoverage. |
| Convenience Samping | Easily available/convenient group. |
| Measurement/Response Bias | Systematic differences (ex: improperly calibrated scale) |
| Non-Response Bias | Sample doesn't respond. |
| Response Varible | Not controlled. Variable that is measured. (Independent) |
| Explanatory Variables | Controlled values. (Dependent) |
| Extraneous Variables | Not an explanatory variable but can affect results. |
| Direct Control | Holding extraneous variables constant so effects are not confounded with those of the experimental conditions. |
| Blocking | Process by which an extraneous variable's effects are filtered out. |
| Randomized Block | Units are blocked into homogeneous groups and then randomly assigned to treatments. |
| Matched Pairs | Blocks consist of two experimental units that are similar with each being randomly assigned treatment. |
| Variance | Estimated average of deviations squared. |
| Interquartile Range (IQR) | The range of the middle half of the data. |
| Extrapolation | Calculating numbers outside of the model. |
| Residual | Deviation from the predicted value. -No pattern: Linear -Curved pattern: Not linear |
| Five Number Summary | 1) Minimum 2) Maximum 3) Median 4) Lower Quartile 5) Upper Quartile |
| Data Analysis Process | 1) Understand the nature of problem. 2) Decide what/how to measure (define variables) 3) Collect Data 4) Summarize data, perform preliminary analysis (range, deviation) 5) Formal analysis 6) Interpret Results |
Created by:
jhairston
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