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Social Studies Final
Ch.15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Vedas is... | A collection of sacred texts |
| Who are the Aryans? | a nomadic people who moved into India |
| Which of these is the best reason for someone tin India to study Sanskrit? | to read the ancient texts |
| What challenged marked the transition from early Vedic religion to Brahmanism | As ritual grew more complex; a special class arose to perform them |
| How were people in India placed into a certain social class? | by birth |
| Which job was a Shudra most likely to do? | plow fields |
| A person that spoke these words most likely belonged to which caste? "I have been learning about battle. My father is showing me how to use different kinds of weapons so I will be a good warrior." | Kshatriyas |
| Why did the untouchables live in separate communities? | They were considered unclean |
| To Hindus, the soul, or atman, is part of | Brahman |
| Which is true about Hindu temple? | They contain elaborate sculptures |
| In some Hindu traditions, Brahma is the creator and Vishnu is the pre sever. What does Shiva do? | destroy |
| The festival of Diviali, which begins the Hindu new year, celebrates | the victory of good over evil |
| The ancient social class system was called varna. What did early Hindus mean by varna dharma? | Each caste had its own duties |
| Which animal became a symbol for the Hindu belief about karma related to the caste system? | People are in a caste became of how they lived in past lives. |
| Which image best represents samara, the Hindu view of birth, life, and death? | A wheel |
| The name "Buddha" meant one who was | awakened |
| What event happened in the time of the Buddha | The Persians conquered Babylon and let Jews return home in 539 B.C.E. |
| Which of these beliefs did Hinduism and Buddhism have in common | many lifetimes |
| Which goal did Buddhism teach people to move toward? | reaching enlightenment |
| Who was Siddhartha Gautama? | the prince who became the Buddha. |
| According to Buddhist traditions, what happened to the Buddha's mother before he was born? | She dreamed about a white elephant. |
| Why had the Buddha not learned about suffering as a child? | His father protected him. |
| Which of these events happened first in the Buddha's life? | He and his wife had a son |
| What troubled the Buddha on his first few trips out into the world? | aging, sickness, and death |
| If you decided to live as an ascetic, what would you do? | give up most of what you own |
| Why did the Buddha become thin from lack of food? | He fasted for spiritual reasons |
| Why did the Buddha decide to follow a "middle way"? | Neither riches nor being an ascetic led to nirvana |
| What did the Buddha discover under the Bodhi tree? | basic truths for living |
| Why did the Buddha decide not to escape into enlightenment right way? | He wanted to teach people the path he had found. |
| Which of the following is one of the four Noble Truths. | Suffering is caused by desires. |
| The Eightfold Path of Buddhism is most similar to which of these Hindu beliefs? | dharma |
| What was the main achievement of the Maurya family? | to unify India |
| How did Chandragragupta Maurya begin building his empire? | He conquered neighboring kingdoms. |
| Which of these would not consider an achievement under Chandragupta's rule? | He used torture and spies to make people obey. |
| Why was Chandragupta poor in his later years? | He decided to live as an ascetic. |
| Which conclusion about the Mauryan Empire does the timeline best support? | Its first ruler was Chandragupta |
| King Ashoka was Chandragupta's | grandson |
| Ashoka expanded the Mauryan Empire until he | gave up violence |
| Which experience led to a deep change in Ashoka's values? | seeing a very bloody battle |
| Which Buddhist value did these actions by Ashoka reflect? | respect for all living things |
| How did Chandragupta's rule differ from Ashoka's ? | Chandragupta used force to be sure no one threatened his power |
| Ashoka often spoke of the people he ruled as his | children |
| Which of Ashoka's actions best expressed his Buddhist values? | treating all of his servants well |
| What did Ashoka do with the territories the Mauryas had conquered? | kept them as peaceful parts of his empire |
| In what important way did Ashoka spread Buddhist teachings? | He had edicts carved into pillars and walls. |
| One of Ashoka's edicts announced that people would only be jailed for a good reason. Which of his goals did this promote most? | Justice |
| What happened on the Indian subcontinent in the time period between the Mauryan and Gupta empires? | It was filled with small kingdoms |
| How did the first Gupta ruler form alliances with other rulers. | by arranging marriages |
| How was the Gupta Empire different from the Mauryan Empire? | It gave local areas a lot of independence. |
| Which factors in the Gupta Empire most helped the growth of learning? | peace and stability |
| WHich of these finds by an archaeologist would be evidence of a golden age? | fine sculptures |
| The images of Gupta kings on coins show that the empire had people who were skilled in | working with metal. |
| How did individuals in the Gupta Empire learn skills listed below? | by studying medicine at a university |
| What changes took place in Hinduism during the Gupta Empire? | Many of its legends were written down. |
| Which is the best title for the list below? | Sanskrit Literature |
| The famous ancient paintings in a Buddhist monastery at Ajanta were painted on the | walls of caves. |
| In the Gupta Empire, what was an important use for all the following materials? | sculptures |
| Which sense correctly describes the level of technology in the Gupta Empire? | They had skill in working with iron. |
| Which feature of modern arithmetic came from ancient India by way of the Arabs? | zero |
| Which of the following groups of people make it possible to contract complex buildings like this one? | mathematicians |
| Which achievement of the Gupta EMpire most encouraged long-distanced trade? | well-built roads |
| Why were wells constructed along trade routes? | so travelers could cook and drink |
| In which area of China as shown on the map, did the Shang dynasty rule? | area 3 |
| How did scholars learn that the Shang dynasty was real and not just a myth? | They found artifacts |
| In the Shang civilization, Anyang was the | capital city |
| What lead archaeologists to conclude that the Shang believed in life after death? | finding food and weapons buried with kings |
| What most helped Shang kings stay in power? | use of a powerful army |
| Shang weapons were especially strong because skilled artisans made these objects from | bronze |
| What have scholars concluded from the large number of wild animal bones found at Shang sites? | The Shang were active hunters. |
| Which of these Shang people had the lowest social status? | grain farmers |
| The modern Chinese word for "merchant" is shang ren, which means "Shang man." What does this suggest about Shang culture? | The Shang traded a great deal. |
| What often happened to people the Shang captured in wars? | They worked on construction, as slaves |
| For what purpose would a Shang leader most likely use an oracle bone made from a turtle shell? | to ask advice from his ancestors |
| If two nobles from distant parts of China met during the Shang dynasty, what would be the best way for them to communicate with each other? | by writing, because they wrote with the same characters |
| What technology did the Shang use to make strong helmets? | shaping a mixture of copper and tin |
| How may the Shang king and his nobles have weakened their economy? | They spent too much on their palaces. |
| How did Zhou, a frontier state, most affect the Shang dynasty? | Rebels from Zhou overthrew the king. |
| In the later years of the Zhou dynasty, what condition in China led to new philosophies? | disorder |
| The Zhou dynasty came after which dynasty? | Shang |
| According to belief in the Mandate of Heaven, earthquakes and floods might be signs that. | the king did not govern well. |
| WHich group belongs in the shaded area of the diagram? | lords |
| What happened during the Warring States period? | Six or seven large Chinese states fought for power. |
| Which of these would Confucius have valued most highly? | respect |
| Which phrase below best completes the following quotation? I am a follower of Confucius. I am the oldest of three children in my family. My younger sister and brother have to obey me. In return, I...." | "must set a good example." |
| Which later practice in China most shows the influence of Confucian thought? | exams for civil servants |
| If you were a laborer, what would Confucius say that you should do? | behave properly for your role |
| Scholars disagree about the origins of Daoism. WHat is one point on which scholars agree? | Daoism's book, the Dao De Jing, was written by man writers. |
| Daosits taught that people could gain happiness by | living in harmony with nature |
| In a chart titled "yin and Yang," pleasure would be paired with | pain |
| What is one way Daoism influenced China? | It became a popular religion |
| What was the Legalist view of human nature? | People are basically selfish. |
| Hanfeizi, whose teachings were the basis for Legalism, wrote that rulers should emphasize | rewards and punishments |
| What did Hanfeizi say that rulers must do to avoid being overthrown? | exercise absolute power |
| Qin Shihuangdi, the first emperor of China, began life as | a prince of one Chinese state. |
| In which year would a visitor to China have found a unified Chinese state under the rule of its first emperor? | 220 B.C.E. |
| What was one difference between feudalism and the Emperor of Qin's system of government? | Under feudalism, power was held locally; the Emperor of Qin held all the power. |
| Which Chinese teaching most influenced Qin Shilhuangdi's style of rule? | Legalism |
| What action related to the ares listed below did the emperor take to help unify China? | He standardized practices that had differed in all parts of the county. |
| Which group most likely had the best life under the Emperor of Qin's rule? | merchants |
| Under Qin rule, what would happen if a rich person and a poor person committed the same crime? | The two would suffer the same punishment |
| What was the purpose of building the Great Wall? | to keep invaders out |
| Why did many people sent to work on the Great Wall not return home? | They died under harsh conditions. |
| To a large extent. the Great Wa;; was built by | forced labor |
| This scene from an ancient scroll shows something being done to scholars. Why did this happen? | The emperor hoped to stop criticism of the government. |
| Why did the Emperor of Qin order all Confucian books brought to the capital? | so he could destroy them |
| Where did archaeologists find a life-sized army made of terra-cotta, a kind of clay? | inside the emperor's tomb |
| What happened after the Qin emperor's death? | rebellions and civil war |
| Why did later Chinese historians have very different opinions of the Emperor of Qin? | He acted both wisely and cruelly |
| What does this symbol on the map shows? | Great wall under the Qin Empire |
| Boats carrying goods to the Qin at Xianyang would have traveled on which waterway? | Yellow River |
| When Qin power expanded from the area around Xianyang during the Warring States period, it did not expand equally in all directions. QIn power-expanded mostly in which directions? | East |
| What is the most likely reason that Qin power did not expand equally in other directions? | Bad land or enimes. |
| At the time of the Han dynasty, which people particularly threatened China from the north? | the Huns |
| Why is Zhang Qian often called the Father of the Silk Road? | This explorer brought back word of western cultures. |
| Why didi people in China want horses from Central Asia? | The horses were larger and more powerful than Chinese horses. |
| What made silk valuable in the West? | The Chinese were the only ones who knew how to make it. |
| One of the most important Roman products that trade along the Silk Road brought to China was | glassware |
| The Silk Road split into a northern route and a southern route. What was one advantage of taking the northern route? | Oases were closer together |
| What was the most important reason why traders formed long caravans to cross the desert? | to protect each other |
| What belongs in the blank space on the diagram? | fine dishware |
| Merchants used camels to move goods on the Eastern Silk Road. What animals carried goods on the Western Silk Road? | yaks |
| Which part of the Silk Road exposed travelers to the dangers listed below? | the Pamir Mountains |
| Why did the Western Silk Road end at Mediterranean ports such as Antioch? | Goods could be loaded there onto ships to be taken to other lands. |
| What is the likely reason why the Roman emperor told Romans not to wear silk? | He worried that buying silk was taking too much of the empire's gold. |
| Which of these facts relating to the Silk Road is an example of cultural diffusion? | Europeans learned some Chinese manufacturing methods. |
| What do the three items pictured below have in common | They all came to the West from China |
| How did the Silk Road most affect the spread of Buddhism? | Travelers carried Buddhist beliefs from India to China. |
| When some Chinese Buddhists crossed Central Asia to learn more about their religion, what did they bring back? | sacred texts from India. |
| A traveler going from Dunhuang to Kashgar on the northern route of the Silk Road might see the physical feature called the TAKLIMAKAN DESERT to the left(south) and the physical feature called the CHANG AN KUNLUN MOUNTAINS to the right (north). | |
| As shown on the map, the Great Wall offered some protection to travelers between what two cities? | Dunhuang and Chang' an |
| According to the map, what is one reason that Kashgar became a major trading center? | It was the first city heading north on the Silk Road. |
| Compared with the Qin dynasty, the Han dynasty? | lasted much longer |
| How did the Han emperors gradually change the way China was ruled? | They moved from Legalism to Confucian ideals. |
| What new technology most helped the Han in warfare? | advances in working iron |
| What Han invention did the Chinese use for these military purposes? | kite |
| Which shape best illustrates the structure of the Han bureaucracy? | triangle |
| Which of these men would most likely be hired for the Han bureaucracy? | one who did well on an exam |
| How did the Han emperors keep civil servants from doing special favors for their friends? | placed them away from their home districts |
| The chain pump increased harvest by helping farmers | bring water up to their fields |
| What change made silk production more efficient? | an invention that wound fibers onto a large reel |
| What was one effect of the invention of the drill shown in this image? | more wealth from trade |
| Which tool did ancient Chinese scribes use for writing? | a brush |
| What didi the Chinese write on before they invented paper? | silk and bamboo |
| Ancient Chinese healers used the technique of acupuncture to | rebalance the forces of yin and yang. |
| Which of these discoveries did the Chinese make, more than a thousand years before people in Europe did? | that blood circulates through the body |
| The Chinese invented the magnetic compass to show which way was south. What was their earliest reason for wanting to know directions? | to position buildings correctly for good fortune |
| How was it possible that different parts of Greece had different forms of government? | Steep mountains kept people from different areas apart. |
| WHich form of government in a Greek city-state usually came first? | monarchy |
| How did most kings in ancient Greece come to power? | They inherited from a relative. |
| Who belonged to the councils of aristocrats? | rich man who had land from their families |
| What happened to the king's advisers after the king lost power? | They became the new ruling group |
| Which word in English comes from a Greek word meaning "few"? | oligarch |
| What might an oligarch do on an ordinary day? | take part in a chariot race |
| What kinds of laws did the oligarchs pass? | laws that favored the rich |
| Oligarchs were thrown out of power by a partnership between. | army leaders and poor people |
| Who would have most likely said these words? "i was in the army when people began to complain about members of the government getting richer while everybody else was getting power. So I stepped forward, and with the people's help, I became the leader." | a tyrant |
| In a tyranny, what allowed the leader to rule? | military force |
| WHich letter marks a time when army city-states were coming under the rule of tyrants? | 600 B.C.E. |
| Why were some tyrants well liked? | They made laws that improved people's lives |
| How was democracy in Athens different from other ancient forms of government? | All citizens shared ruling power. |
| How war ancient Greek democracy different from democracy in the United States today? | Citizens voted directly on all issues. |
| What idea that is important today came from ancient Athens? | People should rule themselves. |
| Which of these city-states on the map was on the Peloponnesus? | Argos |
| Which feature of Athen's geography most affected its economy? | It was close to the sea |
| WHich physical feature made Sparta somewhat isolated? | surrounding mountains |
| How would a man become a member of Athen's Council of 500? | he was chosen in a drawing |
| What is one way the Assembly of Athens differed from the Council of 500? | The Assembly was larger. |
| How did the citizens of Athens get enough grain to eat? | They shipped local products to Egypt to trade. |
| Which of these events most likely happened in the agora of Athens? | People bought leather sandals. |
| Why didi Athenian schoolboys have to memorize everything? | There were not enough books. |
| A 12 year old Athenian girl would most likely get her education. | from her mother |
| Why is Sparta said to have been an oligarchy. | A small group held the most power |
| Who made the most important government decisions in Sparta? | the Council of Elders |
| Sparta used heavy iron bars as money, What conclusion does this suggest? | Sparta discouraged trade with other city-states. |
| Which sentences best describes education in Sparta. | Both boys and girls military training. |
| To become a full citizens, a Spartan man had to | pass a difficult test |
| What happened after Sparta conquered a neighboring land? | The Spartans made the conquered people give Sparta much of their food crops. |
| Unlike the women of Athens, the women of Sparta | could own property. |
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