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US History
The Era of Reconstruction (1865-1877)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| the era following the Civil War where Radical Republicans initiated changes in the South that gave newly freed slaves additional economic, social, and political rights; resented by many Southerners causing creation of org. such as KKK | Reconstruction Era |
| When defeated Confederate soldiers returned home, what was the extent of devastation in which the South endured during the war? | almost the entire Southern railway system and many farms and cities were destroyed; nearly 1/3 of all adult males residing in Confederate states dies or were wounded; plantations that weren't destroyed now had to hire help |
| a plan that Lincoln devised for former Confederates to rejoin the Union; Confederate citizens had to swear allegiance to the govt in Washington (high-ranking Confed. military authorities not offered this opportunity) | Ten Percent Plan |
| when 10% of registered voters in the state signed this pledge, the state was given the chance to form its own govt, which had to be loyal to Washington | Ten Percent Plan |
| a group of Republicans after the Civil War who favored harsh treatment of the defeated South and a dramatic restructuring of the economic and social systems of former slaves in the South | Radical Republicans; this group dominated Congress and eventually the Reconstruction Era, led by Thaddeus Stevens |
| laws adopted by the Southern states in 1866 that greatly limited the freedom of Southern blacks; in several states blacks could not move, own land, or do anything but farm | Black Codes |
| passed by Congress (full of Radical Republicans) in the summer of 1864; didn't require black suffrage, but gave federal courts the power to enforce emancipation | Wade-Davis Act; Lincoln killed this bill by a pocket veto |
| a method a president can use to "kill" congressional legislation at the end of a congressional term; Lincoln vetoed the Wade-Davis Act of 1864 | pocket veto |
| why were the Radical Republicans disappointed with the Reconstruction plan announced by Andrew Johnson? | they felt, like Lincoln's proposed Ten Percent Plan, it was relatively lenient toward the Southern states |
| All of the former Confederate states followed the procedures of Johnson's plan and elected members to the Congress that met in Dec. 1865; however, what still bothered the North? | the loyalty of the former Confederate states was still questioned by some in the North |
| during the Reconstruction Era, former slaves in the South were referred to as | freedmen |
| Radical Republicans began to implement their own Reconstruction plan, starting with the creation of the ______; designed to help ex-slaves get employment, education, and general assistance in adjusting to their new lives | Freedmen's Bureau |
| a Joint Committee on Reconstruction met in Jan. 1866, proposed, and Congress passed a bill continuing the Freedmen's Bureau and a Civil Right Act bill in 1866. What did Pres. Johnson do? | President Johnson immediately vetoed both; stating they were unconstitutional and that former Confederates should have more say in affairs in the South; Congress would eventually override the presidential veto on both bills |
| After Johnson's veto of the Radical republicans bill efforts, what did this do to the relationship between Congress and the president? | tensions increased severely |
| this act struck down Black Codes and defined the rights of all citizens; stated that federal govt could act when civil rights were violated at the state level; passed by Congress over the veto of Pres. Andrew Johnson | Civil Rights Act of 1866; was first vetoed by Pres. Johnson, but Congress overrode the presidential veto |
| 1865 amendment abolishing slavery and other forms of invaluntary servitude in the United States and all of its territories | Thirteenth Amendment; the Civil Rights Act of 1866 helped to enforce this amendment |
| ratified in 1868, this amendment stated that "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" were citizens; additionally, all former Confederate supporters were prohibited from holding office in the US | Fourteenth Amendment |
| In 1867, this act placed Southern states under military rule, dividing the South into 5 regions and a military general in control of each region | Reconstruction Act of 1867 |
| this act was passed by Congress to ensure that Secretary of War Edwin Stanton (ally of the Radical Republicans) would not be dismissed | Tenure of Office Act of 1867 |
| in the fall of 1867, Pres. Johnson tried to remove Edwin Stanton as Secretary of War; Radical Republicans proclaimed his violation of the Tenure of Office Act. This led to what? | impeachment proceedings began and the House of Representatives voted to the Impeachment of Andrew Johnson on Feb. 24, 1868 |
| ratified in 1870, this amendment stated that a person could not be denied the right to vote because of the color of their skin or whether they have been a slave or not | Fifteenth Amendment |
| a term used by Southerners to mock Northerners who came to the South to gain either financially or politically during the Reconstruction era | carpetbaggers |
| a term used by Southerners for fellow Southerners who either supported Republican Reconstruction policies or gained economically as a result of these policies | scalawags |
| organization founded in the South during the Reconstruction Era by whites who wanted to maintain white supremacy in the region; used terror tactics, including murder; was revitalized in the 1920s | Ku Klux Clan |
| a political arrangement in which representatives of Southern states agreed not to oppose the election of Republican Rutherford B. Hayes; in return the Union army was removed & stopped enforcing Reconstruction laws in the South, ending Reconstruction | Compromise of 1877; ended the Reconstruction Era |
| why did some in the women's movement oppose the passing of the 15th amendment? | because it did nothing for the rights of women |
| any of various efforts to procuring political rights or equality, often for a specifically disenfranchised group, or more generally in discussion of such matters | emancipation |
| these men were two well-known Radical Republicans | Thaddeus Stevens (Philadelphia) and Charles Sumner (Mass.) |
| what were the reactions when the 14th amendment was proposed? | Anti-black riots in New Orleans and Memphis in early 1866 made Radical Republicans push for the passage more forcefully; Pres. Johnson publicly opposed the ratification; it was passed by large margins |
| the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments where known as what? | Reconstruction amendments |
| in which election did thousands of Southern blacks get to vote? | the Election of 1870; because of this many Southern whites did not vote in these elections |
| how did many Southern whites view the entire Reconstruction process? | with disgust and resentment |
| After the Compromise of 1877 and the election of Pres. Rutherford B. Hayes, what happened in the South? | since the enforcement of Reconstruction legislation stopped, blacks were again reduced to second-class citizens in the South; whites began to return to power in state legislatures (these people were called "the redeemers" |
Created by:
danyell04