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English final terms
rhetorical strategies
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Allusion | A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, or work of art. |
| Apostrophe | A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction such as liberty or love. |
| Irony | The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant. |
| Dramatic Irony | Facts are unknown to a character in a play or piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work. |
| Wit | Intelligent humor. Intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights. |
| Anaphora | One of the devices of repetition, in which the same expression (word or words) is repeated in the beginning of two or more lines, clauses or sentences. |
| Hyperbole | A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement. |
| Verbal Irony | The words literally state the opposite of the writer's true meaning. |
| Metaphor | A figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for another, suggesting some similarity. |
| Anecdote | A short narrative detailing the particular of an interesting episode or event. |
| Invective | An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong abusive language. |
| Situational Irony | Events turn out the opposite of what was expected. |
| Tone | The author's attitude towards his material, the audience, or both. |
| Ambiguity | The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage. |
| Juxtaposition | Two or more contrasting sounds, registers, styles, etc. placed together for stylistic effect. |
| Understatement | The ironic minimizing of fact, understatement presents something as less significant than it is. |
| Connotation | The non-literal, associative meaning of a word; the implied suggestive meaning. |
| Parallelism | The grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity. |
| Denotation | The strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude or color. |
| Diction | The writer's word choices, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness. |
| Style | An evaluation of the sum of the choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices. |
| Imagery | The sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions. |
| Allegory | The rhetorical strategy of extending a metaphor through an entire narrative so that objects, persons, and actions in the text are equated with meanings that lie outside the text. |
| Conceit | A far-fetched metaphor or simile when the speaker compares two highly dissimilar things. |
| Figure of Speech | Where a word or words are used to create an effect, often where they do not have their original or literal meaning. |
| Personification | The attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman or the representation of an abstract quality in human form. |
| Analogy | A comparison between two things, typically on the basis of their structure and for the purpose of explanation or clarification. |
| Oxymoron | A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined. |
| Extended Metaphor | A comparison between two unlike things that continues throughout a series of sentences in a paragraph or lines in a poem. |
| Aphorism | A pithy observation that contains a general truth. |
| Pedantic | Characterized by a narrow, often ostentatious concern for book learning and formal rules. |
| Figurative Language | Speech or writing that departs from literal meaning in order to achieve a special effect or meaning. |
| Syntax | The way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses and sentences. |
| Periodic Sentence | A sentence that makes sense only when the end of the sentence is reached. |
| Loose Sentence | A sentence that makes complete sense if brought to a close before the actual ending. |
| Antecedent | An antecedent is the word(s) to which a pronoun refers. |
| Interjection | Words that are used to express strong feeling or sudden emotion. |
| Balanced Sentence | A sentence in which the phrases or clauses balance each other by virtue of their likeness or structure, meaning, and/or length. |
| Noun | A person, place, thing, or abstract idea. |
| Prepositions | A preposition sits before a noun to show the noun's relationship to another word in the sentence. |
| Predicate | The predicate is the part of the sentence that makes a statement about the subject. The predicate usually tells what the subject is doing, or what is happening to the subject. |
| Sentence Inversion | Involves constructing a a sentence so the predicate comes before the subject. |
| Verb | Expresses action. |
| Adverb | Modify verbs. |
| Subject | The subject of a verb is the person or thing performing the verb. |
| Split Sentence | Divides the predicate into two parts with the subject coming in the middle. |
| Adjective | Adjectives are describing words. They are used either before or after a noun to modify its meaning. |
| Conjunctions | A conjunction is a word used to connect words, phrases or clauses. |
| Antithesis | The rhetorical contrast of ideas by means of parallel arrangements of words, clauses, or sentences. |
| Implied Metaphor | A more subtle comparison; the terms being compared are not so specifically explained. |
| Paradox | A statement or a group of statements that leads to a contradiction or a situation which (if true) defies logic or reason. |
| Rhetorical Question | A figure of speech in the form of a question that is asked in order to make a point and without the expectation of a reply. |
| Alliteration | The repetition of a particular sound in the first syllables of a series of words or phrases. |
| Epistrophe | The repetition of the same word or words at the end of successive phrases, clauses or sentences. |
| Metonymy | A figure of speech used in rhetoric in which a thing or concept is not called by its own name, but by the name of something intimately associated with that thing or concept. |
| Euphemism | A generally harmless word, name, or phrase that replaces an offensive or suggestive one. |
| Non-Sequitur | Stating a conclusion that does not follow the first premise. |
| Oversimplification | Supplying a neat and easy explanation for large and complicated phenomena. |
| Hasty Generalization | A leaping generalization from inadequate or faulty evidence. Most common is stereotyping. |
| Either/Or Reasoning | Assuming that a reality may be divided into only two parts or extremes. |
| Argument from Doubtful or Unidentified Authority | Using a faulty or questionable source. |
| Argument ad Hominem | Attacking a person's views by attacking his or her character. |
| Begging the Question | Taking fro granted from the start what you set out to demonstrate. |
| Post hoc, ergo propter hoc (post hoc) | Assuming that because B follows A, B was caused by A. |
| False Analogy | The claim of persuasive likeness when no significant likeness exists. |
| Sample Size One | When it must be true because one person can serve as an example. |
Created by:
ksalazar
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