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phy final 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| hormones are secreted | into the blood and from the endocrine gland |
| which of the following is not the part of phase 1 clinical trial? | testing on target human population |
| pathophysiology | describes process of altering physiological process in disease |
| a decrease in mean arterial pressure is detected by | sensor |
| which of the following is an example of an organ | an artery |
| positive feedback is involved in the regulation of | uterine contractions and hormones involved in ovulation |
| the atomic nucleus does not contain_____, which are negatively charged subatomic particles. | electrons |
| surface tension and capillary action in blood vessels are due to a bond between water molecules. The bond is... | a hydrogen bond |
| ........bonds are formed when atoms share electrons unequally. | polar covalent |
| which of the following statement regarding a plasma membrane is correct? | it is selectively permeable, formed by a double layer of phospholipids, and restricts passage of polar compounds. |
| which of the following is not the bulk transportport process through plasma membrane | diffusion and osmosis |
| release of neurotransmitters from an nerve terminal occurs via | exocytosis |
| which of the following is not an example of an inculson body? | actin |
| a cell which is actively involved in the detoxification of alcohols and free radicals would contain large quantities of | peroxisomes |
| the organelle that contains the hydrolytic digestive enzymes is | lysosomes |
| the process of gene expression in sequence occurs as | genetic transcription and genetic translation |
| the function of the_______is to produce ribosomal RNA. | nucleoli |
| afferent neurons | are pseudounipolar and carry impulses toward the CNS |
| speed of action potential transmission in the spinal nerves is decreased if which cells are damaged? | schwann cells |
| which of the following statement is not true about lobes of the brain | the precentral gyrus involved in motor control lies in the parietal and frontal lobes |
| during an action potential | NA+ infulx causes depolarization |
| local anesthetics block conduction of action potentials in sensory neurons by | binding to sodium channels |
| arrange these action potential events in their proper sequence: | threshold voltage is reached, Na+ gates begin to open, K+ gates begin to open, Na+ gates begin to close, membrane repolarization begins |
| which of the following statement is/ are true about the hypothalamus? | hypothalamus is most important structure for homeostasis, produces ADH and oxytocin, coordinates sympathetic and parasympathetic actions |
| the midbrain is formed from the | mesencephalon |
| which of the following is the correct list of the lobes of the cerebrum? | frontal, parietal, temporal, insula, occipital |
| which of the following is the function of the superior colliculi | involved in visual reflexes |
| impaired motor coordination in parkinson's disease is often due to | degeneration of the substantia nigra and/or basal nuclei |
| broken speech is most oftn associated with damage to____________areas | broca's |
| the hypothalamus and limbic system are involved in | aggression, fear and sex |
| red blood cells shrink and crenate in | hypertonic solution |
| heart rate is increased in response to sympathetic stimulation | true |
| which divison of the autonomic the nervous system is dominant in an emergency situation? | sympathetic |
| the bending of kinocilia toward the direction of the sterocillia of a hair cell cause---- | hyperpolarization |
| the division of the autonomic nervous system originating only from spinal cord. | mediates the body's response to stress |
| which of the following statement is correct? | phasic receptors are fast adapting, tonic receptors are slow adapting, tonic receptors fire continuously to a sustained stimulus |
| damage to cutaneous receptors would limit the ability to detect all of the following except.... | body position |
| ----------is the perception of pain in a somatic location that is caused by damage to an internal organ and not by the activity of somatic nociceptors | referred pain |
| the________phenomenon refers to amputees reporting sensations in limbs that are | phantom limb |
| which of the following is not a cutaneous receptor | muscle spindle |
| which of the following is not an auditory ossicle? | otolith |
| within the eye, electrical impulses pass from | photoreceptors to bipolar cells to ganglion cells |
| pupil diameter would be increased by | contraction of the radial muscles |
| the reception for taste are | specialized epithelial cells |
| during skeletal muscle contraction | think filaments slide across thick filaments |
| the Ca2+ required for skeletal muscle contraction | is released from the sacroplasmic reticulum |
| ..........is characterized by continued attachment of myosin heads to actin filaments due to a lack of ATP | rigor mortis |
| motor unit recruitment allows for____contraction strength | increased |
| when muscle is stimulated to contract, Ca2+ binds to | troponin |
| which cell membrane component functions as transport channel, receptors and cell markers? | protein |
| which of the following statements about renal pyramid is false___________. | they contain cortical glomeruli |
| the "buffy coat" that forms when whole blood is centrifuged in a test tube, is composed of________ | white blood cells and platelets |
| which of the following does not belong to the class of granular leukocytes? | lymphocyte |
| within the pulmonary circulation, the__________ | pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-poor blood |
| the terms "systole" and "diastole" refer, respectively, to the__________ | contraction phase and relaxation phase of the ventricles |
| in a normal ECG tracing___________ | the repolarization of the atria is hidden by the QRS wave |
| which of the following is not a broad area of function within the circulatory system? | neurochemical release |
| a normal hematocrit value of 45 means that______ | 45% of the total blood volume is erythrocytes |
| a person with blood group A has red blood cells with________antigens bound to the outer membrane surfave and anti-_____antibodies floating in the plasma. | A;B |
| which statement about erythroblastosis fetalis (hemolytic disease of the newborn) is false? | the baby is born with an abnormally high number of red blood cells (anemia) |
| acion potentials in myocardial cell have a characteristic plateau phase, which is caused primarily by the_________ | slow inward diffusion of Ca2+ |
| the amount of blood pumped by one ventricle in one beat is called_____________ | stroke volume |
| the preload acting on a ventricle is equivalent to that chamber's__________ | end-diastolic volume |
| the frank-starling law of the heart describes the relationship between_______ | stroke volume, end diastolic volume, and contraction strength |
| a sphygmomonometer is used for________ | measuring blood pressue |
| if someone's heart has a stroke volume of 70 ml and a heart rate of 90 beats/min, the cardiac output equals__________ | 6.3L/min |
| stroke volume is regulated by all of the following except_________ | cardiac output |
| which of the following equation is correct? | excretion rate=(filtration rate+secretion) |
| the hearts contractility is adjust so that normally each ventricle expels all the blood contained in it, leaving none behind in the chamber | false |
| stroke volume is directly proportional to end-diastolic volume. | true |
| which defense mechanism is considered a specific category of immunity? | activity of lymphocyte populations |
| phagocytic cells include all of the following except_________________ | B lymphocytes |
| haptens are___________ | antigenic when bound to proteins |
| a clumping of antigen-to-antibody particles during an immunoassay such as the modern pregnancy test is known as | agglutination |
| populations of lymphocytes known as B lymphocytes____________ | secrete antibodies into blood and lymph fluids |
| production of which of the following blood cells is stimulated by a hormone secreted by the kidneys? | erythrocytes |
| immunoglobulins include all of the following except______ | IgB |
| the organ most responsiblefor maturation, storage, and formation of T lymphocytes is the_______ | thymus |
| which of the following functions is not characteristics of T lymphocytes? | stimulating the immediate formation of antibodies |
| edema may be caused by | high blood pressure and decreased plasma protein |
| all antibodies have a "Y" shape composed of four interconnected protein chains,with the top of the "Y" serving as the antigen-binding fragment and the stalk region of the "Y" serving as the crystallizable fragment | true |
| alveoli are microscopic air sacs branching off the | respiratory bronchioles |
| damage to cutaneous receptors would limit the ability to detect all of the following except.... | body position |
| .......is the perception of pain in somatic location that is caused by damage to an internal organ and not by the activity of somatic nociceptors | referred pain |
| the__________phenomenon refers to amputee reporting sensation in limbs that are no longer there | phantom limb |
| which of the following is not a cutaneous receptor | muscle spindle |
| which of the following is NOT an auditory ossicle? | otolith |
| within the eye, electrical impulses pass from | photoreceptors to bipolar cells to ganglion cells |
| pupil diameter would be increased by | contraction of the radial muscles |
| the receptors for taste are | specialized epithelial cells |
| during skeletal muscle contraction, | thin filaments slide across thick filaments |
| The Ca2+ required for skeletal muscle contraction | is released from the sacroplasmic reticulum |
| .........is characterized by continued attachment of myosin head to actin filaments due to a lack of ATP | rigor mortis |
| motor unit recruitment allows for___________contraction strength | increased |
| when muscle is stimulated to contract, Ca2+ binds to | troponin |
| which cell membrane component functions as transport channel, receptors and cell markers? | protien |
| aldosterone stimulates sodium reabsorption and potassium serection in | the proximal convoluted tubule |
| which of the following is false? | renin induces erythropoiesis |
| villi and microvilli are characteristics of the________layer of the digestive tract | mucosa |
| regurgitation of stomach contents into the esophagus is normally prevented by the actions of the__________. | cardiac sphincter |
| in the small intestine, amino acids are absorbed_________ | into the intestinal capillaries |
| most of the water is absorbed into | the small intestine |
| smooth muscle activity that mixes and churns a bolus of food in the intestine is called | segmentation |
| gastric mucosa has gastric pits in its fold and cells that line folds deeper in the mucosa, are exoctine gastric glands | true |
| which of the following cell types are found in the pancreas | beta cells |
| the hydrochloric acid secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach will do all of the following except__________ | increase stomach content Ph |
| pancreatic juice contains a wide variety of compounds. which of the following is involved in the degradation of protein? | chymotrypsin |
| wavelike muscular contraction of the gastrointestinal tract is called... | peristalsis |
| portal triad contains hepatic arteiole, hepatic portal vein and bile ductile | true |
| which of these statements about hepatic portal blood is true? | it is mixed with blood from the hepatic artery in the liver. |
| the first organ to receive the blood borne products of fat digestion is... | the heart |
| a person with hypothyroidism would have very high levels of the following hormones? | TSH |
| anterior pituitary secretion of ACTH, TSH, and gonadotropins (FSH and LH) is controlled by positive feedback loops from hormones produced by target cells | false |
| the adrenal cortex secretes_________ | corticosteroids; aldosterone and cortisol among others and sex steroids |
| deficiency of elemental iodine will reduce the secretion of which hormones? | triiothyronine(T3) and tetraiodothyronine |
| the receptors for the steroid hormones are found__________. | within the nucleus of the target cell |
| the receptors for catecholamine and polypeptide hormones are found____________ | on the outer surface of the target cell |
| the adenohypophysis is also called the_______ of the pituitary gland | anterior lobe |
| the hormone that stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in female and production of sperm in the testes of males is_________ | FSH |
| the hormone primary responsible for maintaining basal metabolic rate and for promoting maturation of the brain | thyroxine |
| the anterior pituitary gland is unable to______ | secrete oxytocin |
| the two hormones from the hypothalamus that stimulate the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary are________ | TRH and CRH |
| thyroid hormones_____ | are ultimately formed from the amino acid, L-tyrosine |
| which statement about parathyroid glands is false? | they calcitonin |
| which of the following statements about the hormone glucagon is true? | |
| the hormone insulin__________ | promotes the entry of glucose and amino acids into the tissue cells and lower blood glucose |
| __________is required for the intestinal absorption of vitamin B12 | intrinsic factor and healthy terminal ileum |
| th secretion of which of these hormones would be increased in a person with endemic goiter | TSH |
| which of the following is the accessory organ of the digestive system? | false |
| which of these statement about hypothalamic-releasing hormone is ture? | they secreted into the capillaries in the median eminence, they are transported by portal veins to the anterior pituitary, they stimulate the secretion of the specific hormones from the anterior pitiotary |
| another name for posterior pituitary gland is | neurohypophysis |
| the vitamin that is converted into a hormone in order to assist in regulating blood calcium levels is______________ | vitamin D |
| thyroid gland lies inferior and anterior to the thyroid cartilage | true |
| contraction of the mammary gland and ducts during the milk ejection reflex is stimulated by? | oxytocin |
| which of the following is not the predisposing factor for the cholelithisiasis? | lean body weight |
| gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) is a _________ | hypothalamic releasing hormone |
| insulin promotes all of these effects except the__________ | hydrolysis of liver glycogen and activation of glucose-6-phosphatase, releasing free glucose molecules into the blood |
| which statement about diabetes mellitus is false? | it is characterized by hypoglycemia |
| Type II diabetes mellitus is characterized by__________ | its occurance in people over age 40, representing 90% of the people with diabetes |
| fertilization usually occurs in the | uterine tubes |
| most common site of ectopic pregnancy is fallopian tube | true |
| when the intake of carbohydrates, protein, or fat exceeds the energy output, the calories are stored in the body primarily as fat | true |
| an embryo is always stimulated to develop into a male because | has a Y sex chromosome |
| development of a male fetus depends on suppressing the development of the embryo_____and stimulating the development of the________, respectively. | mullerian ducts, wolffian folds |
| the paramesonepheric duct will give rise to the______ | uterus and uterine tubes |
Created by:
ajtofane