Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
ocean
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| About _____ percent of Earth s surface is covered by water? | 71 |
| The average depth of the ocean is about ______________ | 3700 meters |
| The world ocean | is the dominant feature of the Earth and most of its living organisms. |
| Earth is about | 4.5 billion years old. |
| In the scientific method, scientific theories: | must be tested and verified by observations. |
| Life on Earth most probably evolved: | in the ocean. |
| The ocean originated from: | capture by the Earth s gravity of water molecules in space |
| Evidence suggests the universe began about 13.7 billion years ago in a: | cataclysmic expansion of energy and matter. |
| The first life forms on Earth arose: | more than 3.5 billion years ago. |
| About 1.5 billion years ago, oxygen began to accumulate as a byproduct of ___________, drastically changing the composition of the Earth s atmosphere. | photosynthesis |
| All of the following statements are true about the formation of our solar system and planet EXCEPT: | Terrestrial planets are composed of gas and dust and remain in the inner solar system |
| The primary physical property that sorts the Earth, ocean, and atmosphere is ______. | density stratification |
| The hypothesis that best explains how the universe was formed is called the _________________. | Big Bang Theory |
| Which of the following voyages would qualify as the first 100 percent pure scientific oceanographic expedition? | the Challenger expedition |
| Which of the following men was the first to publish a reasonably accurate chart of an ocean current, specifically the Gulf Stream? | Benjamin Franklin |
| Polynesian navigators depended on _____________ for accurate navigation. | stars, clouds, and the flight direction of birds;the direction and shape of waves that hit against the hulls of their vessels;stories passed on from generations before them |
| The word oceanography was first coined in association with: | the Challenger expedition. |
| A(n) _____________ is a graphic representation that depicts information about the ocean and ocean features including depth. | chart |
| The first person to develop a picture of the large-scale wind and current systems of the Earth was: | Matthew Maury. |
| Contributions by early Chinese scientists and philosophers include: | developing seagoing methods that allowed them to stay at sea for nearly four months;retrofitting their ships with multi-masts to sail more efficiently with changing winds;designing and developing rudders and watertight compartments |
| As early as the 1700s, scientists and explorers notice a remarkable coincidence of shape of the Atlantic coasts of Africa and which continent? | South America |
| The outermost solid layer of the Earth that comprises both continental and oceanic crust is called the: | Lithosphere |
| Earlier than 200 million years ago, the continents were joined into one supercontinent called: | Pangaea |
| Which of the following lists represents the main components of the Earth s crust? | oxygen, silicon, aluminum. |
| A boundary in which crustal plates move past one another is called a: | transform fault. |
| One cubic meter of which of these would weigh the most? | mantle |
| The Hawaiian Islands formed as they pass over a hot spot in the middle of the: | Pacific Plate. |
| What do these things have in common: Paleomagnetism, seafloor spreading, Pangaea, Wadati-Benioff zones, transform faults, fracture zones, seamount chains, Pacific hotspots. | They are involved with plate tectonics. |
| If two oceanic plates collide at a relatively fast speed, and one is much older and cooler (therefore more dense) than the other, what will happen? | A trench will form and large earthquakes will occur. |
| The youngest seafloor rocks are found: | near the rift valleys of the mid-ocean ridges. |
| The magnetic striping of the seafloor is considered evidence of seafloor spreading and: | periodic reversals in the polarity of the Earth s magnetic field. |
| The Earth s oldest rocks are found: | at the cores of the continents. |
| Land-based evidence for plate tectonics can be seen in: | the distribution of Glossopteris flora and fauna, the correlation of rocks in now widely separated continents,and the evidence of ancient glaciation. |
| Geologists believe that a new ocean basin is forming: | along the divergent zone between the Nazca Plate and the South American Plate. |
| Oceanographers believe the breakup of Pangaea occurred about: | 180 to 200 million years ago. |
| All of the following statements are true concerning subduction zones EXCEPT: | they are sites where lithospheric plates are diverging or pulling apart. |
| The mid-ocean ridges are: | divergent plate boundaries. |
| Roughly how fast do most lithospheric plates move? | about 3 centimeters per year |
| The Japanese islands are an example of: | an island arc that formed along a trench |
| Which of these is most abundant on or in the Earth? | mantle material |
| Which of the following statements accurately describes a turbidity current? | none of these |
| The deep-ocean basin includes all of the following features EXCEPT: | continental shelf. |
| The continental shelf: | is a gently sloping platform with a variable landscape. |
| Which of the following statements accurately describes ALL continental margins? | none of the above |
| The great heaps of unconsolidated sediment at the base of the continental slope are known as: | the continental rise |
| The trailing edge of a moving continental crustal plate is most likely to exhibit features associated with: | passive continental margins. |
| Active continental margins are located: | on the west coasts of both North and South America. |
| The mid-ocean mountains, such as the ridges and rises: | are constructed of volcanic basalt. |
| Which of the following statements is true regarding the islands bordering deep-sea trenches? | They are explosive volcanoes and are called island arcs. |
| The deepest parts of the Pacific Basin are located: | near the margins of South America, Japan, and the Marianas Islands. |
| Hydrothermal vents are located near: | active areas of seafloor spreading. |
| Underlying the unconsolidated sediments of the seafloor are: | basalt pillows and basement rocks. |
| Carbonate sediments are rare in deep sea sediments because: | the carbonate shells dissolve in deep water. |
| Which of the following sediments cover the greatest area of seabed? | biogenous sediments |
| In the process of lithification, sediments: | are converted into solid rock. |
| Select the finest particles in this list. | clay |
| Radiolarians and diatoms are both examples of: | provide shells that form siliceous oozes. |
| Neritic sediments are found on the: | continental shelf. |
| The age of most marine sediments is: | rarely older than about 180 million years old. |
| Sources of terrigenous sediments includes all of the following EXCEPT: | coccolithophores |
| The hydrogen atoms in a water molecule tend to bond to: | oxygen atoms of another water molecule. |
| The hydrogen bonds of water molecules account for all of the following EXCEPT? | Water is always safe for human consumption |
| The average salinity of the world ocean is about _______parts per thousand. | 34 |
| The term salinity refers to: | the total amount of dissolved solids in the ocean. |
| The two most abundant elements (ions) dissolved in seawater are: | sodium and chloride. |
| The amount of oxygen that seawater can hold in solution will be greater: | in colder water. |
| Oxygen enters seawater: | as a byproduct of photosynthesis and diffusion from the surface. |
| As carbon dioxide enters the ocean it: | forms carbonic acid. |
| The principle of constant proportions states: | that the ratio of major salts in samples of seawater from various places is a constant. |
| Residence time is: | the average length of time an element spends in the ocean. |
| What is the approximate mixing time of the world ocean? | about 1,600 years |
| Which of the following statements about pH is not true? | A pH of 3 is alkaline, a pH of 10 is acidic. |
| The deepest layers of the ocean originate from: | surface waters especially at high latitudes. |
| The ocean is stratified with respect to: | temperature |
| Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding sound in the ocean? | Sound is scattered as it bounces off suspended particles in the water. |
| The property of water that accounts for the ability of liquid water to absorb heat and change only very little in temperature is called: | high heat capacity. |
| If our planet were without its ocean, but otherwise the same as it is today, surface temperatures would be: | more extremes of cold and heat |
| The depth to which light can penetrate the ocean depends on: | the amount of suspended material in the water, the angle of the sun above the horizon, and the smoothness or roughness of the sea surface. |
| A zone in which the ocean s salinity increases rapidly with increasing depth is called: | a halocline. |
| A permanent and deep thermocline can be found: | in the tropics |
| The most abundant gaseous components of the Earth s atmosphere are: | nitrogen and oxygen. |
| Warm air _____________ and cool air _____________. | expands and rises; contracts and sinks |
| According to the atmospheric circulation model developed in the text, air tends to: | rise at 60° north and fall at 30° north. |
| The Coriolis effect causes objects moving in the southern hemisphere to veer off course: | to the left, or counterclockwise when viewed from above. |
| If you were standing on top of a high mid-Pacific island at 15° north latitude, from which direction would you expect the wind to come? (Hint: don t forget to consider Coriolis effect!) | northeast |
| The dependable surface winds of the Earth centered at about 15° north and south latitudes are called: | the tradewinds |
| Winds generally move across the United States: | from west to east. |
| During an El Niño event: | a strong equatorial counter-current develops in the Pacific. |
| Tropical cyclones are also called: | willi-willis, typhoons, and hurricanes. |
| The power for tropical cyclones comes from: | the condensation of warm, moist air. |
| Tropical cyclones tend to move: | westward and poleward in both hemispheres. |
| A system of four currents completing a flow circuit around the periphery of an ocean basin is collectively called: | a gyre. |
| The immediate source of surface currents is: | the wind |
| All of the following statements are true about an Ekman spiral EXCEPT: | Ekman spiral is not influenced by Coriolis. |
| Generally the fastest and deepest ocean currents are: | western boundary currents. |
| England s weather is _____________________ than would be expected at that latitude because of the influence of surface currents. | warmer and more humid |
| San Francisco s characteristic cold and foggy weather is caused by a: | cold eastern boundary current. |
| Which of the following statements is FALSE considering thermohaline circulation? | Thermohaline circulation is caused by even and steady global heating of the ocean. |
| The densest water in ocean currents is the: | coldest and saltiest. |
| Which of these is generally not an El Niño effect? | A decline in the exotic (or non-commercial) species of fish and other forms of marine life in the affected waters. |
| Which is greater: the average depth of the ocean or the average elevation of the continents? | the average depth of the ocean |
| What is biosynthesis? Where and when do researchers think it might have occurred on our planet? Could it happen again this afternoon? | Biosynthesis is the initial formation of life on earth, this occurred about 3.5 billion years ago in the ocean. No, living things have changed the conditions in the ocean and atmosphere, which had originally created life. |
| How old is Earth? When did life arise? On what is that estimate based? | Earth is 4.6 billion years old. Life arose about 3.5 bya we know this because fossils were found in NW Australia that date back that far. |
| Where did Earth’s heavy elements come from? | a planetary formation somewhat larger than mars that crashed into us |
| What is density stratification? What does it have to do with the present structure of Earth? | density stratification is the formation of layers of material, with each deeper layer being denser than the layer above. The heaviest layers of the earth settled to the bottom/ towards the core and the lightest settled on top/crust |
| Which of the following arrive in the ocean from continents via rivers? | terrigenous sediments |
| Near shore, if the wave crests are 200 feet apart, the wave will feel bottom when the depth is about: | 100 feet |
| In the open sea, tsunami reach an average wave height of about: | 1 meter |
| The side of the Earth facing the moon will experience a high tide, while the opposite side of the Earth will have a: | high tide. |
| Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning a lunar day? | A lunar day is 25 hours 50 minutes. |
| A lunar day is --- hours ---minutes. | A lunar day is 24 hours 50 minutes. |
| Which body has the greatest influence on ocean tides? | moon |
| A wave of water moving up a river, initiated by tidal action and normal resonances within a river estuary, is called a: | tidal bore |
| Waves with the greatest propagation rate or celerity: | have the longest wavelengths. |
| Physical resources that are extracted from the ocean and are useful to humans include: | petroleum and natural gas. |
| The best fishing grounds are located: | in temperate waters over continental shelves |
| The per capita world fish catch has changed in what way? | It increased steadily to about 1970, and then declined. |
| What accounts for most of the total value of world trade transported by sea? | oil |
| A source of petroleum pollution in the marine environment is: | natural oil seeps, offshore drilling operations, transport by ship of petroleum products. |
| Minamata disease, which affected people living near Minamata Bay in Japan, was finally traced to: | a diet including clams and oysters contaminated with mercury. |
| The ozone layer is important because: | it shields us and other organisms from ultraviolet radiation from the sun. |
| The doubling time of the human population that is, the length of time necessary for the number of humans to double is presently about: | 35 years. |
| The most dangerous threat to the marine environment, overall, is probably: | human overpopulation. |
| Ozone layer depletion has been linked to: | cataracts and skin cancers. |
| True statements concerning bycatch. | Bycatch are animals unintentionally killed while fishing for other species, Bycatch sometimes greatly exceeds the target catch, Bottom trawling is one of the methods that results in a lot of bycatch. |
| An example of a fishing technique that is particularly disruptive is: | drift nets. |
| The farming specifically of marine organisms for human use is called: | mariculture |
| Second to petroleum and natural gas, the most profitable resource recovered from the marine environment is: | sand and gravel. |
| About ____ percent of the crude oil used by humans is derived from the seabed. | 28(really 34) |
| The largest known reservoir of hydrocarbons on Earth is: | methane hydrate. |
| The maximum of each species that can be caught without negatively influencing future | maximum sustainable yield. |
| Whaling has effectively ceased. Except for a small and relatively insignificant number of pirate whalers, the taking of whales for profit is a thing of the past. | FALSE |
| Most synthetic pollutants resist attack by water, air, sunlight, and living organisms because the compounds of which they are composed resemble nothing in nature. | TRUE |
| Fishing is a growth industry, but the fishing consortia are, for the most part, careful to conserve this resource and not to exceed the maximum sustainable yield. | FALSE |
Created by:
rhammer888