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chapter 14
government
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a type of autocaracy in which power is held by an absolute monarch, dictator, or small elite. power is limited to the political sphere. | authoritatianim |
| an ideology idrectly opposed to democracy, in which government rests in the hands of one individual or groupp who holds supereme power over the people. | autocracy |
| according to max wever, a type of authority based on the leadership of a person with charisma. a charismatic leader is thought to possess special gifts of a magnetic, fascinating, and extraordinary nature. | charismatic authority |
| a political and economic ideology whose ultimate goal is total government control of the economy and total income redistribuiton, leading to the creation of a classless society | connunism |
| an ideology, philosophhy, theroy, and political system assuming the basic value of the individual, as well as his or her rationality, morality, equality, and possession of specific rights. | democracy |
| a blend of political and economic ideology whose tenets include the private ownership of property, the profit motive, a free market economy, and competion. The function of bevernment in this system is to ensure that the economic gamie is played fairly. | democratic capitalism |
| a blend of plitical and economic ideology whose chief assumption is that participation in political decision making should be extended to economic decision making. The function of the gov is to control and guide the economy for the voters who elected it. | democratic socialism |
| a totalitarian ideology of the right that became prominent in various nations beginning in italy under benito mussonlini. | facism |
| a pivotal institution arising out of the need to maintain order, control, organize, protect, and defent the people of a society. Government is the acting arm of the state,includes political process and maintains order and laws, carrys out decisions. | government |
| a system of ideas, values, beliefs, and attitudes that a society or groups within a society share and accept as true. | ideology |
| according to weveer, a type of authority accepted by members of society because it is based on rational methods and laws and is exerted for their benefit | legal rational authority |
| a culture group residing within the territiory of a political state. | nation |
| the ideology behind the nation-state. a set of beliefs about the superiority of ones own nation and a defense of its interest above all others. | nationalism |
| the german version of fascism that flourished under the leadership of adolf hitler | nazism |
| the people and processes that make up and direct the governmeent of the state, its plicies and its actions. | politics |
| the probability that one individual in a social relationshipwill carry out his or her own will despite resistande. te ability of one person or groupt to direct behavior of other person or group in a desired direction, under the ultimate,threat of force. | power |
| a constitutional principle holding that those in public authority derive, maintain, and exercise their powers on the basis of specific laws, and not on the basis of their personal power. | rule of law |
| the abstract embodiment, or the symbol of the plitical institution or government | state |
| a type of autocracy of the left or of the right, characterized by a totalist ideolgy, a single party, a government controlled secret police and a monopoly over mass commun , weapons and the econom by the ruling elite. | totalitarianism |
| according to wever, authority that is based on reverenced for tradition | traditional authority |
| name two groups whose influence is perceived as authoriative to the society | telivison and popular authors. |
| _______ is exercised by the state through its government. | political powers |
| in order for power to be legitamate it must have _____. | authority |
| when peopole question the lefitimacy of their government, the situation is called a | crisis of legitimacy |
| max weber maintained that the sources of authority lie in ___,_____ and _____. | tradition, the law and charisma |
| "it has always been so " is what type of authority | traditional |
| these citizens share most of the smae values, beliefs and attitudes, this type of authority is | traditional |
| this authority is based on rules that were formed in a rational manner. It is organized in a bureaucratic fashion and limits te exercise of power. | legal rational authority |
| this authority appers in complex multigroup socieites and the societies belong to many subcultheres, lack uniformity in values attitudes and beliefs | legal rational authority |
| does not rest on tradition, reason, or the law, derives from the perwson of an exceptional leader. magnetic, gascinationg and extraordinary leaders such as adolf hitler, martin luther kind and fidel castro as well as john kennedy have were considered | charismatic authority |
| no system of rules , either traditional or rational to guide behavior, it resists attempts at routinization or bureaucratization. | charismatic authority |
| the abstract embodiment or symbol of the political institution | the state |
| the formal representation of government | the state |
| in what 2 ways does the state differ from other forms of government? | membership in the state is compulsory for those within its territiroial limits, political control is complete. |
| this institution can seize a persons property cand deprive a person of freedom by imprisionment or as a last resort, can take a citizens life as punishment for crime | the state |
| the basic compoets of the state are ___,___, ___ and ____, | territory, population, government and sovereignty |
| this thoerist states that the sstate emerged as a result of social contract made by the people to end thier state of nature where life was solitary, and poor. | thomas hobbes |
| thish school of thought perceives that the state is working quite well in maintaining law and order. | functionalist |
| this school of thought maintains that the state emerged to protect the rights of the privleged few | conflict |
| conflict view derived from _______, who believed people lived as noble savages before the state. | jean jaques rousseau |
| a culture group residing within the territory of the political state is called a _____. | nation |
| give three things that must be achieved in order for people to be considered a nation | permanent resident of a defined territiroy, exhibit some form of government, have a common culture and declare themselves to be and are considered by others to be soverign. |
| a set of beliefs about the superitority and difference of one's own nation and a defense of its interest above all others is defined as | nationalism |
| political ideology are divided into 2 groups , they are ___ and ___. | autocratic and democratic |
| totalitarian, dictatorial and authoritarian, the belief that government should be in the hands of one individual or group of individuals with superme power over the people of the society. | autocratic ideologies |
| this ruler makes all decisions without being subject to law the ruler is law and people are subjects and have no political rights at all. | autocratic ideologies |
| this system is autorcratic but leaves a measure of choice up to the individual as long as the latter does not interfere with the rule of the leader or the party elite. | authoritarian system |
| this regime controls the individual in all aspects of life, social and religious as well as political. | totalitarianism |
| facism is connected to what leader | benito mussolini |
| nazism is connected to what leader | adolf hitler |
| disturst of reason, denial of basic human equality and a code of behavior based on violence and distortion of truth, ogvernemnt by the elite totalitatianism racism, imperialism and oppostiton to international law and order is ____. | facism |
| the goal of ________ is an economic and political system of total government control of the economy and total income redistribution with the ultimate aim of a classless society, based on an egalitarian society | communism |
| He believed that peoples conditions rested on an economic base. culture, law government, religion, esthetics, phiolospjy and so on were actually supersturtures erected on economic foundations in every society. | karl marx |
| an ideology a philosophy a thoery and poltical system that contains elemnts that define the relations of the individaul to society and government | democracy |
| rational empiricism, emphasis on the indivdual, instumental nature if the state, voluntarism, the law bhehind the law , emphasis on means and discussion and consent in human relatlions along with basic equality of all human beings are elements of a | democracy |
| democracy, states that all persons are born free and not subject to the rule of others is a principle founded on the ideas of ___ and ___. | john locke and jean jaques rousseau regarding the social contract |
| adam smith, central features include private ownership of prperty wit no limitation , the existence of a profit motive, the dynamics of free market and the presence of cxompetion free from gov interference | democratic capitalism |
| the belief that growth fot the benefit of the entire society would be attainted more esily if each individual ued personal incentive to get ahead is capitalism or socialism | democratic capitalism |
| democratic capitalism or socialism, which one guarantees freedom of trade and occupation, freedom to own property and freedom to make contracts. | democratic capitalism |
| a system and political system capable of coexisting with capitalism is subject to a vast variety of definitions but refers to an ideology that ret on economic and political assumptions | decocratic socialism |
| two examples of democratic socialism are: | great britan and the scandinavian countries |
| is it democratic socialism or capitalism that assumes participation in political decision making shoud be extended to economic decision making | democratic socialism |
| does democratic capitalism or socialism assumes that the state and its government are the necessary insturments through which people can achieve and maintain their objectives. | democratic socialism |
Created by:
Kbridgers