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World History Ch. 5
Rome and the Rise of Christianity, 600 BC- AD 500
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What role did geography play in the prosperity and defensibilty of Rome? | Rome was located about 18 milesinland on the Tiber River, giving it access to the sea while being far enough inland to be safe from pirates; built on 7 hills so it was easily defended |
| Who ruled over the Romans and also influenced many of the Romans lifestyles after they took over? | Etruria; Etruscans |
| a form of government in which the leader is not the monarch and certain citizen have the right to vote | republic; the Roman Republic |
| the great landowners, who became Rome's ruling class were called | patricians; could be elected to government offices and could vote |
| Rome's less wealthy landholders, craftspeople, merchants, and small farmers were called | plebeians; could only vote, not be elected to office |
| Roman's first code of laws | the Twelve Tables |
| How did the differences between plebeians and patricians prevent Rome from becoming a true democracy? | only patricians could be elected to government office and serve in the senate. The centuriate assembly, which elected chief officials, was organized by classes based on wealth and they always had a majority |
| Roman's defeated Carthage and gain all rights to Sicily | First Punic War (264-241 BC) |
| the greatest Carthaginian generals who struck back at the Roman's to begin the Second Punic War | Hannibal |
| Hannibal tries to invaded Rome by going through Spain; Rome decided to invade Carthage rather than fight Hannibal; tried to recall Hannibal from Italy but Roman's crush his forces at the Battle of Zama; Carthage lost Spain | Second Punic War (218-201 BC) |
| Roman's established this standard of justice that applied to all people; identified this with natural law, or universal law | Law of Nations |
| government by three people with equal power | triumvirate |
| Ceasar, Crassus, and Pompey gained power of Rome; Crassus died in battle; Ceasar and Pompey fight over sole power of Rome; Ceasar named dictor and eventually assassinated by a group of senators | First Triumvirate |
| Octavian, Antony, Lepidus gained control of Rome; Octavian and Antony fight for sole control; Antony allied himself with Egyptian queen Cleopatra VII (love); Octavian won, Antony & Cleopatra flee to Egypt, both commit suiced | Second Triumvirate |
| How did Ceasar weaken the power of the Senate? | he increased the number of members (900) and filled it with his supporters |
| Why did the Roman defeat in Germany devastate Augustus? | his power was based on his control of the army and the loss to Germany proved that his power was not unlimited |
| Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninius, Pius were called what? | the "Five Good Emperors" |
| the "Five Good Emperors" created a period of peace and prosperity known as what? | the Pax Romana, "Roman Peace" |
| What were the economic conditions and chief occupations in Rome during the Early Empire (Pax Romana)? | it was a period of much prosperity with internal peace leading to high levels of trade. However, theer was a large gulf between rich and poor; farming remained chief occupation, but trade and commerce were important |
| Roman culture was heavily influenced by who? | the Greeks |
| At the heart of the Roman social structure stood the family, headed by the dominating male. This is called | paterfamilies |
| How were the expectations of Roman boys and girls different? | Roman boys were educated and prepared to be soldiers. Girls were prepared for marriage |
| What jobs did the Romans assign to slaves? | they worked on farms and as household servants; Greek slaves were in demand as tutors, doctors, artists, and craftspeople; Slaves also built roads and public buildigns |
| center of the colossal Roman Empire | Rome |
| most famous slave revolt in 73 BC was led by the gladiator named.. | Spartacus |
| this spread throughout the empire and eventually became the state religion of Rome | Christianity |
| Before Christianity, the Romans believed in many gods. How were religion and government connected in the Roman Empire? | they believe observation and ritual guaranteed peace and prosperity and their successful empire was due to favor from the gods |
| Why did the Romans fear Jesus? | authorities saw him as a potential revolutionary who might lead Jews into another revolt against Rome |
| Why did Christianity spread so quickly and attract so many follower? | the Christian message had much to offer the Roman world; Christianity seemed familiar; it filled the human need to belong |
| Christianity prospered as never before when ______ became the first Christian emperor. | Constantine |
| What followed after the death of Marcus Aurelius, the last of the five good emperors? | a period of conflict and confusion; invasions, civil wars, and plague |
| Believing the empire was too large for a single ruler, Diocletian divided it into how many units? | Four, each with its own ruler |
| Which two groups invaded the Western Roman Empire? | Germanic tribes- first the Visigoths; then the Vandals |
| What is one lasting contribution of the Roman Empire? | its system of law |
| a Jewish Roman citizen, preached the gospel to Jewsand non-Jews throughout Asia Minor and along the coast of Aegean. | Paul of Tarsus |
Created by:
danyell04