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World History Ch. 4
Ancient Greece, 1900- 133 BC
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What role did the mountains and the sea play in the development of Greek history? | very high mountains isolated Greeks from one another; number of bays and inlets provided harbors, which encouraged seafaring and eventually traders |
| What three seas did the Greeks sail making contact with the outside world? | Aegean Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and the Black Sea |
| By 2800 BC, what civilization used metals, especially bronze, in making weapons and was the first Greek civilization? | Minoan civilization located on the large island of Crete |
| In what ways was the Minoan civilization an advanced civilization? | the Minoans had a palace at Knossoes with many rooms; workshops for making vases, jewelry, and ivory figurines; storerooms containing gigantic jars of oil, wine, grain suggest they were a far-reaching sea empire |
| this was the first Greek state; discovered by German archaeologist; they were part of the Indo-European peoples; made up of powerful monarchs | Mycenae (Mycenaen civilization) |
| After the collapse of Mycenaean civilization, Greece entered a difficult period in which the population declined and food production dropped. This period is known as | Dark Age |
| The work of what great Greek poet appeared at the very end of the Dark Age | Homer |
| Homer used stories of the Trojan War to compose what two great epic poems? | The Iliad and Odyssey |
| tells the deeds of a great hero | epic poem |
| Why is Homer thought to have created, rather than to have recorded, Greek history? | his stores the Iliad and Odyssey gave Greece an ideal past with a cast of heroes to serve as a model for future generations of Greek males |
| What was the central focus of Greek life around 750 BC? | city-state, or what the Greeks called polis |
| What responsibilities did the Greek citizens of the polis have? | citizens belonged to the city-state and not just to themselves. |
| heavily armed infantry soldiers each carrying a round shield, a short sword, and a thrusting spear | hoplites; became the new military order in Greece around 700 BC |
| What political dilemma was caused by the expansion of trade and industry? | expansion of trade and industry created a new group of rich men in many city-states who wanted political power, but found it impossible to gain because of the power of the ruling aristocrats |
| term for government by the people or rule of the many | democracy |
| term for government ruled by the few | oligarchy |
| What role did tyrants play in the development of Greek forms of government? | tyranny ended aristocratic rule, brought about civil improvements, and led to democracy |
| How did the restrictions placed on Spartan males effect their lives? | made them tough, skilled in fighting and obedient to authority |
| Describe a well-educated Spartan boy | placed in military barracks at the age of 7; learned how to fight and obey orders through harsh discipline. |
| Near the end of the 7th century, many Athenian farmers were sold into slavery when they were unable to repay their debts to who? | their aristocratic neighbors |
| describe a well-educated Athenian boy | well-rounded citizen; would have studied reading, writing, music, arithmetic, and physical education until age 18 |
| How did Cleisthenes create the foundation for democracy in Athens? | he created a new council of 500 that supervised foreign affairs and the treasury and proposed laws that would be voted on my male citizens. This central role in the political system created the foundation for Athenian democracy |
| this Persian ruler was defeated by the Greeks at Marathon | Darius |
| After Persian ruler Darius died, what new Persian monarch vowed revenge leading a massive invasion into Greece included 180,000 troops & thousands of war vessels | Xerxes |
| this period saw the height of Athenian power and brilliance; Athenians became deeply attached to their democratic system; which was a direct democracy | Age of Pericles |
| in this government people participate directly in decision making through mass meetings | direct democracy |
| a vote of banishment; members of the Athenian assembly could vote the name of a person they considered harmful to the city; 6,000 votes and they'd be banned for 10 years | ostracism |
| Why did Athenians develop and practice ostracism within their direct democracy? | to protect themselves from overly ambitious politicians (the assembly could vote to ban them from the city for 10 years) |
| How did the Great Peloponnesian war weaken the Greek states? | After the war, Sparta, Athens, and Thebes continued petty wars, ignoring the growing threat of Macedonia to their north |
| Greek philosopher Socrates brought a teaching method that uses question-and-answer format to lead pupils to see things for themselves by using their own reason. This method is called | Socratic method |
| one of Socrates pupils; considered the greatest philosopher of Western civilization | Plato |
| Greek philosopher who didn't accept Plato's theory of ideal forms; he favored constitutional government as the best form for most people | Aristotle |
| the Greek historian Herodotus wrote about which Greek War? | History of the Persian Wars |
| the Greek historian Thucydides, who did not believe that divine forces or gods were casual factors in history, wrote about which Greek War? | History of the Peloponnesian War |
| What was the most important architectural form in ancient Greece? | the temple dedicated to a god or goddess, such as Parthenon dedicated to Athena in Athens |
| What was Macedonian ruler Phillip II's plan for the conquered Greeks and their city-states? | he wasnted to unite the Greeks under the Macedonians and form a league to cooperate with him in a war against Persia |
| the son of Phillip II and became the king of Macedonia at the age of 20; great military leader and master of strategy and tactices | Alexander the Great |
| After taking Egypt, what did Alexander the Great build as the Greek capital of Egypt? | Alexandria |
| Although Alexander's empire was short-lived, what was it successful in doing? | spreading Greek culture throughout Southwest Asia and the Near East as far as modern Pakistan |
| Alexander created this new age | Hellenistic Era; the word Hellenistic is derived from a Greek word meaning "to imitate Greeks" |
| Which four kingdoms emerged following Alexander's death? | Macedonia, Syria, Pergamum, and Egypt |
Created by:
danyell04