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World History Ch. 2
Western Asia and Egypt, 3500-500 B.C.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The valley between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers; Greek term meaning land "between the rivers" | Mesopotamia |
| An arc of land from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. | Fertile Crescent |
| Between 3500 and 2350 BC, the first true civilization in Mesopotamia was begun by | Sumerians |
| Sumerian writing system, in which wedge-shapes were pressed into clay tablets with a small stick | cuneiform |
| Made farming in ancient Mesopotamia possible | irrigation and ditches |
| One of the independent city-state in Sumeria | Uruk |
| Collection of laws devised an ancient Babylon king; a strict justice system in which penalties were severe (death and mutilation were common punishments) | Hammurabi's law code |
| Created the first empire around 2340 BC by over running the Sumerian city-states | Akkadians, ruled by Sargon |
| a form of society dominated by men; for example, Mesopotamian society and Hammurabi's codes | patriarchal |
| Mesopotamians had a belief in many gods. This term is called | polytheistic |
| Explain how flooding patterns of the rivers of Egypt and Mesopotamia caused the two civilizations to develop differently. | Flooding patterns were regular in Egypt, leading to a feeling of stability. Flooding in Mesopotamia was unpredictable, leading to a belief that the world was at the mercy of gods. |
| beginning in the heart of Africa and coursing northward for more than 4000 miles; longest river in the world; splits into two major branches | Nile River |
| What is the "Black Land" | After the Nile flooded in the summers, Egyptians called the fertile land, which was black in color, "Black Land" |
| Around 3100 BC, King Menes united villages of Upper and Lower Egypt into a single kingdom, what was he the first to create? | a royal dynasty |
| Historians divide Egyptian history into three periods | Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom |
| One of the greatest achievements of Egyptian civilization; occurred during the Old Kingdom; were built as part of a larger complex of buildings dedicated to the dead | pyramids |
| the Great Pyramid at Giza was the largest and most magnificent pyramid built for which king/pharaoh | King Khufu |
| The Middle Kingdom came to and end with the invasion of a group of people called Hyksos. Where did this group originate? | western Asia |
| Hatchepsut built a great temple near Thebes. What is significant about this pharaoh? | she was the first woman to become pharaoh during the New Kingdom |
| Akhenaton closed the temples of other gods and introduced the worship of Aton, god of the sun disk, as the sole god, before he was defeated by ____ who restored the old gods | Tutankhamen |
| Under this reign, Egyptians were driven back within their old frontiers and the Egyptian empire ended; in which the New Kingdom collapsed. | Ramses III |
| After the fall of the Hittites and Egyptians, this group of people improved their ships, became international sea traders, and thus created a trade empire | The Phoenicians |
| the Sumerians believed that the gods rued the cities; which made them a government by divine authority called... | theocracy |
| A large political unit or state, usually under a single leader, that controls many people or territories | empire |
| Earliest Egyptian writing | hieroglyphics |
| Simplified version of hieroglyphics used for business transactions, record keeping, and general needs for everyday life in Egypt | hieratic script |
| These groups hunted and gathered, did small farming, and domesticated animals. They moved along regular migratory routes to provide steady sources of nourishment for their animals | Pastoral nomads |
| Ruled from 970-930 BC, he was best known for building a temple in the Israel capital city Jerusalem | King Soloman |
| the belief in one god; the Jews believed in one god | Monotheism |
| Jewish religious teachers who defined the Ten Commandments | prophets |
| What was the most significant cultural invention of the Phoenicians? | the alphabet |
| Migrated from Mesopotamia to Palestine and created the religion known today as Judaism; they were unique in their monotheistic and recorded religious culture | Israelites |
| After Soloman's death, what two kingdoms were created? | Kingdom of Israel and Kingdom of Judah |
| According to Jewish beliefs, there is but one god, creator of the world and everything in it called... | Yahweh |
| Semitic-speaking people who exploited the use of iron weapons to establish an empire by 700 BC | Assyrians |
| One of the last Assyrian kings Ashurbanipal established the world's first what? | libraries |
| After the collapse of the Assyrian Empire by the Chaldeans and Medes people, what king made Babylon the leading state in western Asia and the center of his empire? | Nebuchadnezzar |
| Primarily nomadic, this group of people were organized in groups until one family managed to unify them, starting with Cyrus. | Persians |
| Persian ruler from 559-530 BC, known for his wisdom and compassion in the conquest and organization of his empire | Cyrus |
| Persian government was divided into 20 provinces called | satrapies |
| This was the Persian route that stretched from Lydia to Susa | The Royal Road |
| The religion of the Persians | Zoroastrianism |
| king who extended the Persian Empire to the Indus River and moved into Europe conquering Thrace creating the largest empire the world had yet seen | Darius |
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danyell04