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AP Language Hannum
All necessary vocab for AP test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| allegory | using characters and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning |
| alliteration | repetition of first part of nearby words to make a point |
| allusion | direct in indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known |
| ambiguity | multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage |
| anadiplosis | repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause |
| analogy | similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them can explain something unfamiliar by associating with something more familiar |
| anaphora | repetition of an expression at the beginning of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences |
| anecdote | short narrative detailing particulars of an interesting episode or event |
| antecedent | word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun |
| aphorism | terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle |
| apostrophe | direct address to someone who is not there or cannot respond |
| atmosphere | emotional mood created by the entirety of a literary work, established by setting and author's choice of objects described |
| colloquial/colloquialism | use of slang or informalities, give a work a conversational, familiar tone, includes local or regional dialects |
| coherence | the parts of any composition are arranged so that the meaning of the whole may be clear and intelligible |
| conceit | an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects |
| connotation/denotation | con= non-literal association with the word den= dictionary definition |
| dialect | variety of language that is characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers - includes regional patterns, social class, and often a reflection on level of education |
| diction | writer's word choices |
| didactic | teaching or instructing, especially of moral or ethical principles (negative con) |
| epistrophe | opposite of anaphora |
| euphemism | more agreeable and less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept |
| fallacies | an error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid |
| figurative language | umbrella term for all things nonliteral |
| genre | major category into which a literary work fits |
| homily | informal sermon, so any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice |
| hyperbole | deliberate exaggeration or overstatement |
| imagery | sensory details of fig. language used to describe, arouse emotion or represent abstractions (usually related to five senses) |
| inference/infer | to draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented, not anything specifically stated |
| invective | emotionally violent and verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language |
| irony | contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant |
| metaphor | figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other |
| metonymy | "changed label"or "substitute name" - name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it |
| mood | 1)grammatical and deals with verbal units and a speakers attitude 2)prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work |
| onomatopoeia | natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words |
| oxymoron | author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox |
| Modernism | term for literary movement characteristic by shift in thought from tradition and optimism from past to new focus on experimentation and innovation |
| Naturalism | such literature focuses on idea that human behavior is determined by forces beyond an individual's control |
| paradox | appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity |
| parallelism | parallel structure - grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity |
| parody | work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim the comic effect. distorts or exaggerates distinctive features of the original. |
| pedantic | adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish resulting in a feeling of being overly righteous |
| personification | auther presents animals, concepts, or inanimate objects by endowing them w/ human attributes or emotions. Used to make these things appear more vivid to the reader |
| point of view | perspective from which a story is told - 1) first person, 2) third person limited or omniscient |
| prose | fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms |
| Rationalism | philosophy that pushes using reason instead of emotion when trying to find the truth |
| Realism | a style of writing that attempts to depict life accurately, as it really is, without idealizing or romanticizing |
| repetition | the duplication, either exact or approximate, or any element of language, such as a sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern |
| rhetor | the speaker who uses elements of rhetoric effectively in oral or written text |
| rhetoric | from Greek "orator", it describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively |
| rhetorical modes | the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing 1) exposition -explain and analyze info 2) argumentation- prove validity 3) description |
| Romanticism | emphasis on imagination, feeling, individualism, and enthusiasm for nature |
| sarcasm | involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something |
| satire | a work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule |
| semantics | the branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, their connotations, and their relation to one another |
| style | the distinctive way an author writes |
| syllogism | a deductive system of formal logic that presents to premises that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion |
| symbol/symbolism | something concrete that represents something more abstract- can be more complex |
| synopsis | brief or condensed statement giving a general view of some subject |
| syntax | the way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences |
| theme | central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life |
| thesis | sentence or group of sentences that directly express the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or position |
| tone | the author's attitude toward his material, the audience or both |
| Transcendentalism | the principles of reality are to be discovered by study of thought, emphasizing the intuitive and spiritual above the empirical |
| trope | artful variation from expect modes of expression of thoughts and ideas, use of the word in a sense other than its proper or literal one |
| understatement | ironic minimizing of fact with a humorous or emphatic effect often times |
| undertone | attitude that may lie under the main tone of the piece |
| unreliable narrator | an untrustworthy or naive commentator on events and characters in a story |
| wit | intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights. Uses terse language that makes a pointed statement. Quick perception and quick tongue |
| zeugma | one word (usually a noun or main verb) governs two other words not related in meaning |
| juxtaposition | placing close together or side by side, especially to compare or contrast |
Created by:
ksheehy96
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