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Female Repo
Pathology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ovarian and endometrial cycles are controlled by the ___________ | Gonadotropin hormones |
| _________ women are at increased risk of developing e.coli cystitis | Pregnant |
| What is orchitis? | inflammation of the gonads of the testes |
| _________ is lined by a non keritanized stratified squamous epithelium | Vagina |
| Defense mechanism of the vagina is _________ by modifying the pH environment to inhibit bacterial growth | Glycogen |
| Tough collagenous barrier to the uterus | Cervix, outer is stratified squamous epithelium and inner is glandular epithelium like the uterus |
| _________ occurs in the transformation zone of the cervix and vagina | Cancer |
| Fertilization takes place where? | Falopian tube, takes a week to get to uterus |
| Ovaries serve what function? | Produce eggs, produces hormones (progesterone, estrogen), uterus provides |
| Trophoblasts produce markers called chorianic gonadatropin which does what? | Maintains the function of the corpus luteum |
| The ________ __________ secretes progesterone for 8-10 days every month | corpus luteum |
| This hormone maintains pregnancy | Progesterone |
| The endomertrium is the _________ responsive tissue of the body | Estrogen (causes hyperplasia of the uterus) |
| ________ phase is the ist half of the phase | Proliferative |
| _________ phase is the second half of the phase | Secretory, secretes fluid |
| Eggs are produced by _________ cells | follicular |
| Most vaginal tumors are ______ cell carcinomas | Squamous |
| Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina occur due to what? | It is linked to diethylstillbestrol that were given to pregnant women. The daughters of these women develop vaginal adenosis (glandular epithelium in the vagina, not normal) putting them at risk for clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina |
| This virus can further cause changes in the transitional zone (squamo-columnar junction) | HPV |
| Growth of the ______ at puberty triggers squamous metaplasia in the transformation zone | cervix |
| What is pyknosis? | Shrinking of a nucleus |
| CIN is what? | Cervical intra squamous epithelium neoplasia, can be 1,2,3. AKA carcinoma in situ and |
| Colposcope can reveal cervical ________ | dysplasia |
| Koliocytes are cells that are infected with this virus and directly implies an ongoing __________ infection | HPV |
| ________ excision is the treatment for cervical dysplasia | Cone |
| What HPV strands are high risk for the development of cervical cancer? | 16 and 18 |
| HPV affects ________ cells, causing condyloma accumulation (cauliflower) | basal |
| ________ invasion of cervical cancer occurs when the cells are escaping the epithelium and basement membrane into the connecctive tissue | Micro |
| Abnormal __________ is seen in uterine carcinoma | bleeding |
| Keratin ___________ are seen with all squamous cell carcinomas | pearls |
| Hyper responsiveness to estrogen can cause endometrial ___________ | polyps |
| _________ carcinoma is preceded by atypical hyperplasia | Endometrial. Note it is a adenocarcinoma |
| __________ of the uterus is linked to increased exposure to estrogen during the lifetime | Adenocarcinoma |
| Uterin fibroid | Leiomyoma |
| What is adenomyosis? | New disease process that has a migration of endometrial glandular epithelium into the myometrium. This causes pain and abnormal bleeding |
| What is endometriosis? | Refers to movement of endomertrial tissue (glandular epithelium) to other areas of the uterus. Seen as chocolate cysts. The tissue can migrate and implant onto the ovaries (common). Rare cases it can be in lymph nodes and circulatory system. |
| What are the causes of female infertility? | Common is hormone abnormality, hyperprolactinemia, gonadatropin deficiency, cervical infections, anti-sperm antibodies, polycystic ovary disease, PID |
| What are follicular cysts? | Seen when the follicle does not ovulate properly and causes a cyst, rupturing, and hemorrhage |
| Large cysts are seen within the ovaries, elevated androgens and LH, manly hair growth pattern, and infertility | Polycystic ovary syndrome |
| _________ cancer arises from the outer germinal epithelium lining of the ovary. | Ovarian |
| No differentiation occurs in this germ cell tumor | Dysgerminoma or ovarian seminoma |
| Granulosa cell tumor secretes what? | Estrogen |
| This can cause difficulty removing the placenta after giving birth | Placenta acreeta |
| Premature detachment of the placenta | Placenta abruptio |
| placenta over the cervical canal | Placenta previa |
| A benign hyperplasia of chorionic villi that can grow out to become a rare malignant outgrowth called choriocarcinoma | Hydatidiform mole |
| Complete mole happens when | the egg does not have a maternal genetic component. Basically an empty fertilized egg. if not completely removed the other may develop a choriocarcinoma |
| Incomplete mole occurs when | 2 sperms reach the egg causing there to be 69 chromosomes |
| The breast is composed of..... | Fat, connective tissue, embedded glands in stromal connective tissues that are connected by ducts. |
| Terminal ________ lobular units (TDLU) are where sugars, vit, ca, fat, and immunoglobulin | duct |
| First half of menstrual cycle causes ________ effects of the ductal epithelium cells of the breast | proliferative |
| ___________ change affects both breasts as opposed to cancer which is unilateral | Fibrocystic changes (benign lumpy bumpy breasts). It is common and is not thought of as a risk factor for development of neoplasia of the breast. Get needle biopsy to evaluate |
| Mass with smooth borders, is free moving and is seen on a mammogram | Fibroadenoma (benign) surgery is curative |
| An irregularly shaped dense mass in a 65 yo women seen on a mammogram may be | Ductal carcinoma |
| Epithelial disease where the ductal epithelial cells grow out of the ducts through the nipple | Paget disease of the breast (carcinoma) |
| Fibrocystic changes are non _________ | neoplastic |
| Lump in one breast of young may be a ___________ | fibroadenoma |
| Women exposed to diethylstilbesterol (DES) in utero have an increased risk of developing which tumor of the female reproductive system? | Clear cell adenocarcinoma |
| Name a non-neoplastic lesion associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. | Cervical dysplasia CIN 1-2 |
| Name the most common, primary, malignant neoplasm of the uterus. | Endometrial carcinoma |
| Dysmenorrhea and red-blue nodules on the ovaries are signs and symptoms of: | Endometriosis |
| Name a benign, germ cell tumor of the ovary. | Dermoid cyst |
| Name the histologic type of tumor that originates in the urinary bladder, uterine cervix, vagina and vulva, but is extremely rare in the ovary. | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| Name the pregnancy-associated disease characterized by abnormal proliferation and maturation of trophoblast. | Hydatiform mole |
| Which ovarian tumor is analogous to seminoma in males and exquisitely sensitive to radiation treatment? | Dysgerminoma |
| Name a complication of pelvic inflammatory disease. | Infertility |
| A 20-year old woman presents with a history of amenorrhea, hirsutism (facial hair), and obesity. Blood work-up reveals excess androgenic hormones and imaging studies of her ovaries reveal numerous small cysts. The most appropriate diagnosis is: | Polycystic ovary syndrome |
| Which breast lesion is associated with apocrine metaplasia, blue-domed cysts, fibrosis and ductal epithelial hyperplasia? | Fibrocystic change |
| Name the most common form of breast cancer. | Invasive ductal carcinoma |
| Enlargement of the adult male breast is referred to as: | Gynecomastia |
| A 22-year old woman presents with bilateral, multi-centric breast lumps. The most likely diagnosis is: | Fibrocystic change |
| Name the most common, benign, breast tumor of pre-menopausal women. | Fibroadenoma |
Created by:
mimi771