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20130424Pharynx
Anatomy Pharynx 20130424
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Posterior to choanae? | Nasopharynx |
| Superior to soft palate? | Nasopharynx |
| Inferior to body of the sphenoid bone and basilar part of occipital bone? | Nasopharynx |
| Anterior to anterior arch of the atlas and the body of C2? | Nasopharynx |
| Walls are bony except for soft palate? | Nasopharynx |
| Pharyngeal isthmus | Nasopharynx communicates w/ oropharynx |
| Closed during swallowing? | Pharyngeal isthmus |
| Elevation of the soft palate and constriction of the palatopharyngeal sphincter (Passavant's ridge)? | Closes Pharyngeal isthmus |
| Part of superior constrictor muscle? | palatopharyngeal sphincter (Passavant's ridge) |
| Collection of lymphoid tissue in mucosa of roof of nasopharynx? | pharyngeal tonsil |
| When pharyngeal tonsils are enlarged, obstructing airflow through nasopharynx, making it sometime necessary to mouth breath? | adenoids |
| Where is the pharyngeal orifice of the pharyngotympanic tube (auditory or Eustachian tube)? | lateral wall of nasopharynx |
| What is the pharyngeal orifice of the pharyngotympanic tube (auditory or Eustachian tube)? | communication b/n nasopharynx and tympanic cavity-equalizes air pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane |
| Where is the torus tubarius? | lateral wall of nasopharynx |
| What is the torus tubarius? | mucosa over protruding cartilage from auditory tube |
| Where is the tubal tonsil? | lateral wall of nasopharynx, immediately posterior to pharyngeal ostium |
| What is the tubal tonsil? | collection of lymphoid tissue |
| What overlies the salpingopharyngeus muscle and what subdivision is it located? | salpingopharyngeal fold in lateral wall of nasopharynx |
| Most common site of nasopharyngeal carcinoma? | pharyngeal recess (fossa of Rosenmuller) |
| A slit-like depression posterior to salpingopharyngeal fold? | pharyngeal recess (fossa of Rosenmuller) |
| Mucosal fold just below tubal opening formed by levator veli palatini passing to soft palate? | torus levatorius |
| Lies posterior to oral cavity? | oropharynx |
| The anterior wall of this subdivision contains posterior tongue? | oropharynx |
| Connection b/n oropharynx and oral cavity? | oropharyngeal isthmus (fauces) |
| Inferior limit is the superior border of epiglottis? | oropharynx |
| Soft palate lies superior while C2 and C3 lie posterior to this subdivision? | oropharynx |
| Main component of lateral walls of oropharynx? | palatine tonsil |
| The palatine tonsil, tubal tonsil, pharyngeal tonsil, and lingual tonsils together form what? | tonsillar ring (Waldeyer's ring) that surrounds openings from the oral and nasal cavities |
| What is located b/n tonsillar pillars? | palatine tonsil |
| The palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds are aka? | tonsillar pillars |
| The superior pharyngeal constrictor and styloglossus muscles create this in the nasopharynx? | tonsillar bed |
| Largest artery to palatine tonsil? | tonsillar branch of facial artery |
| Enters the palatine tonsil from inferior pole after having penetrated superior constrictor muscle? | tonsillar branch of facial artery |
| What causes a concern w/ hemorrhage during tonsillectomy? | external palatine (paratonsillar) vein |
| Where is the external palatine (paratonsillar) vein? | in descends w/in tonsilar bed in nasopharynx |
| What nerve passes close to the lower pole of the palatine tonsil in the nasopharynx? | CN IX |
| Infections can spread via the internal carotid artery which lies deep but close to ____? | tonsilar bed |
| Taste sensation alterations resulting from tonsillectomy is due to damaging what nerve? | lingual branch of CN IX |
| This subdivision extends from superior epiglottis to the inferior cricoid cartilage? | laryngopharynx |
| Continuous w/ esophagus? | laryngopharynx |
| Extends from C3 to C6? | laryngopharynx |
| Opens into larynx via the laryngeal inlet superiorly? | laryngopharynx |
| Anterior wall, inferiorly, associated w/ cricoid and arytenoid cartilages? | laryngopharynx |
| Lateral to laryngeal inlet in which branches of nerves are found? | piriform recess |
| Branches from what nerves lie deep to piriform recess and can be damaged by foreign objects? | internal and recurrent laryngeal nerves |
| Depressions on either side of connections b/n tongue and epiglottis? | valleculae |
| What important carotid sheath structures lie lateral to pharynx? Which two actually lie posterior to carotid sheath? | internal and common carotid arteries, internal jugular vein, cervical sympathetic trunk, CN IX, X, XI, and XII; cervical sympathetic trunk and superior cervical ganglion |
| Where is the pharyngeal nerve plexus located? | posterior surface of pharynx, especially in area of middle constrictor |
| What forms the pharyngeal nerve plexus? | pharyngeal branches from CN IX, X, and superior cervical sympathetic ganglion |
| What skeletal muscle of the pharynx is NOT innervated by fibers of vagal (X) origin? | stylopharyngeus |
| What nerve innervates stylopharyngeus? | glossopharyngeal (CN IX) |
| What subdivision does CN X provide sensation? | laryngopharynx |
| What subdivision does CN IX provide sensory? | oropharynx |
| Sensory to the nasopharynx? | pharyngeal branch of maxillary nerve (V2) |
| Sympathetic input to the pharynx is _____? | vasomotor |
| Sympathetic input to the pharynx is vasomotor and involves _____, _____, and _____? | preganglionic neuron cell bodies, postganglionic neuron cell bodies, postganglionic fibers |
| Preganglionic neuron cell bodies are found where? | lateral horn upper thoracic spinal cord |
| Postganglionic neuron cell bodies are found where? | superior cervical ganglion |
| What kind of fibers accompany blood vessels to the pharyngeal wall? | postganglionic |
| Parasympathetic innervation is _____? | secretomotor |
| To what is parasympathetic secretomotor innervation to? | pharyngeal glands |
| Parasympathetic innervation to the pharyngeal glands involves the pterygopalatine ganglion for the ______ and _____ for the oropharynx and laryngopharynx? | nasopharynx, the vagus nerve |
| Branches from these arteries supply the pharynx? | external carotid, facial artery, maxillary artery, superior and inferior thyroid arteries |
| The internal and external venous plexuses in the pharynx drain in to the _____ plexus, as well as into the ____ and ____ veins? | pterygoid, facial, jugular |
| Base of skull to C6? | pharynx |
| Choanae? | opening in anterior nasopharynx |
| Oropharyngeal isthmus? | opening in anterior oropharynx |
| Laryngeal inlet? | opening in anterior laryngopharynx |
| Air route for mouth breathing? | Oral cavity-->oropharynx-->anterior to larynx |
| Air route for nose breathing? | Nasal cavity-->nasopharynx-->anterior to larynx |
| Food route? | Oral-->oropharynx-->laryngopharynx-->posterior esophagus-->laryngeal inlet closed by epiglottis |
| Pharyngeal raphe? | Where the 3 pharyngeal constrictor muscles meet on posterior pharynx |
| Stacked flower pots? | Relationship of constrictor muscles to each other. Superior sits in middle, middle sits in inferior |
| Pharyngeal tubercle to inferior constrictor? | distribution of pharyngeal raphe |
| Attached, anteriorly, to the pterygoid hamulus? | superior constrictor muscle |
| Common attachment site for both the buccinator and superior constrictor muscle? | pterygomandibular raphe (from pterygoid hamulus to mylohyoid line) |
| Mylohyoid line of mandible and side of tongue? | attachment site for superior constrictor muscle |
| Arises from greater and lesser cornua of the hyoid bone and inferior stylohyoid ligament? | middle constrictor |
| Its lower fibers descend deep to inferior constrictor muscle while upper fibers ascend and overlap superior constrictor muscle? | middle constrictor |
| Thickest of constrictors? | inferior |
| Arises from oblique line of thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage? | inferior constrictor |
| Inferior fibers of inferior constrictor are designated as the ____ which is tonically contracted until _____-thus acting as the sphincter for the upper _____? | cricopharyngeus muscle; swallowing; esophagus |
| Skeletal muscles internal to constrictors? | longitudinal/oblique |
| Contraction of these muscle elevates the pharynx which is important for swallowing and speech? | longitudinal/oblique |
| Passes through gap b/n superior and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles? | stylopharyngeus muscle |
| Spreads out deep to pharyngeal mucosa and inserts into posterior and superior borders of the thyroid cartilage of the larynx? | stylopharyngeus muscle |
| Attaches to palatine aponeurosis of soft palate and posterior border of hard palate? | palatopharyngeus |
| Descends into lateral wall of oropharynx, raising a fold of mucosa? What muscle and what fold? | palatopharyngeus and palatopharyngeal fold |
| Helps in elevating the pharynx and assists in constricting the opening of the oropharyngeal isthmus | palatopharyngeus |
| Arises from inferior part of cartilage of auditory tube near its ostium and passes inferiorly to blend w/ the fibers from the palatopharyngeus? | salpingopharyngeus |
| T/F Swallowing relies on coordinated action of muscles of the tongue and pharynx but NOT the soft palate. | False |
| As bolus enters oropharynx, the ___ and ___ elevate the pharynx over the bolus. The ___ sequentially move bolus down while palatopharyngeus and superior constrictor help ____? | stylopharyngeus; superior constrictor; pharyngeal constrictors; close off the oropharynx and nasopharynx |
| What happens when the cricopharyngeus muscle relaxes? | allows bolus to enter esophagus |
| What 2 layers of fascia are the pharyngeal muscles sandwiched b/n? | Buccopharyngeal and pharyngobasilar fascia |
| External covering of pharynx and posterior portion of pretracheal fascia of neck? | Buccopharyngeal |
| T/F The buccopharyngeal fascia attaches superiorly to the pharyngeal tubercle of the occipital bone. | True |
| T/F Buccopharyngeal fascia covers all the constrictor muscle. | True |
| T/F Anterior to the buccopharyngeal fascia is the retropharyngeal space. | False-posterior would be true though |
| This fascia forms a significant supporting structure above the superior constrictor called the sinus of ____? | Morgagni |
| Which does NOT pass through the gap superior to superior constrictor: levator veli palatini, stylopharyngeus, pharyngotympanic tube, ascending palatine & pharyngeal arteries | stylopharyngeus passes b/n superior and middle constrictor muscles |
| B/n superior and middle constrictors pass: sty___, stylo____, stylo___, hyo___, lig___ ___ and ___, and the glos____? | stylopharyngeus, stylohyoid ligament, styloglossus, hyoglossus, lingual artery and vein, glossopharyngeal nerve |
| B/n middle and inferior constrictors: i___ l___ nerve and the s__ l__ artery and vein | internal laryngeal, superior laryngeal |
| T/F Inferior to inferior constrictor: recurrent laryngeal nerve and the inferior laryngeal artery and vein. | True |
Created by:
613463012