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Chapter 24 BIOOOOO
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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the origin of new species, is the focal point of evolutionary theory | Speciation |
| refers to broad patterns of evolutionary change above the species level | Macroevolution |
| The biological species concept states that a ________ is a group of populations whose members have the potential to nterbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring; they do not breed successfully with other populations | species |
| ____________ between populations hold the phenotype of a population together | Gene Flow |
| is the existance of biological factors (barriers) that impede two species from producing viable fertile offspring | Reproductive Isolation |
| are the offspring of crosses between different species | Hybrids |
| Prezygotic barriers block fertilization by: | impeding different species from attempting to mate, preventing the successful completion of mating, hindering fertilization is mating is successful |
| Two species encounter each other rarely, or not at all, because they occupy different habitats. even though not isolated by physical barriers | Habitat Isolation |
| Species breed at different times of the day, different seasons, or different years cannot mix their gametes | Temporal Isolation |
| Courtship rituals and other behaviors unique to a species are effective barriers | Behavioral Isolation |
| Morphological differences can prevent successful mating | Mechanical isolation |
| Sperm of one species may not be able to fertilize eggs of another species | Gametic Isolaiton |
| Postzygotic barriers prevent the hybrid zygote from developing into a viable, fertile adult by | reduce hybrid viability, reduced hybrid fertility, hybrid breakdown |
| genes of the different parent species may interact and impair the hybrid's development | Reduced hybrid viability |
| even if hybrids are vigorous,they may be sterile | Reduced hybrid fertility |
| Some first generation hybrids are fertile, but when mate with another species or with either parent species, offspring of the next generation are feeble or sterile | Hybrid Breakdown |
| The biological species concept cannot be applied to | fossils or asexual organisms (including all prokaryotes) |
| The biological species concept emphasizes ______ | absence of gene flow |
| defines a species by structural features; it applies to sexual and asexual species but relies on subjective criteria | morphological species concept |
| views a species in terms of its ecological niche; applies to sexual and asexual species and emphasizes the role of disruptive selection | ecological species concept |
| defines a species as the smallest group of individuals on a phylogenetic tree; applies to sexual and asexual species, but it can be difficult to determine the degree of difference required for seperate species | phlogenetic species concept |
| Speciation can occur in 2 ways | allopatric speciation, sympatric speciation |
| gene flow is interrupted or reduced when a population is divided into geographically isolated subpopulations | allopatric speciation |
| the definition os ______ depends on the ability of a population to disperse | barrier |
| regions with many geographic barriers have more species that do regions with fewer barriers | READ |
| Reproductive isolation between populations generally increases as the distance between he increases | READ |
| In _______________, speciation takes place in geographically overlapping populations | sympatric speciation |
| ____ is the presence of extra ses of chromosomes due to accidens during cell division | Polypoidy |
| Polypoidy is much more common in _____ than animals | plants |
| ____ is an individual with more than two chromosome sets' derived from one species | autopolypoid |
| ____ is a species with multiple sets of chromosomes derived from different species | allopyoid |
| Sympatric speciation can also result from... | the appearance of new ecological niches |
| Read slide 26 | slide 26 |
| is a region in which members of different species mate and produce hybrids | hybrid zone |
| Hybrids are the result of | mating between species with incomplete reproductive barriers |
| When three closely related species meet in hybrid zone, there are three possible outcomes... | reinforcement, fusion, stability |
| The _____ if barriers occurs when hybrids are less fit than the parent species; when this occurs reproductive barriers should be stronger for sympatric than allopatric species | reinforcement |
| If hybrids are as fit as parents, there can be substantial gene flow between species...if gene flow is great enough, the parent species can ____ into a single species | fuse |
| Broad patterns in speciation can be studied using the | fossil record, morphological data, or molecular data |
| Niles Eldredge and Stephan Jay Gould coined the term __________ to describe periods of apparent stasis punctuated by sudden change | punctuated equilibria |
| is the cumulative effect of many speciation and extinction events | Macroevolution |
Created by:
uali1994